biological mind

biological psych, the biological mind

Biological psychology/ behavior science definition

Broad field of neuroscience w focus on biological/ neural mechanisms that provide fundaments for behavior

neuron definition

cell of nervous system, uses chemical/electrical signals to communicate w other neurons/muscles

dendrite definition

branch like part of neuron that communicates/receives nervous signals from tip to body cell

axon terminal branch's definition

junctions that connect w other neurons, sends messages to other neurons/ muscles

neuron cell body/soma definition

large part of of neuron that has nucleus/ other organelles

myelin sheath

fatty circles around axon, prevents electrical signals from leaking, increases electrical signaling speed, formed by glial cells

synapse definition

gap where neurons cells communicate with neurons,muscle, or gland cells using chemical or electrical signals

synapse receptor definition

protein molecules in neuron membrane that interact with neuron transmitters, which are released from other neurons

axon definition

cable like extension that transmits potential actions away from cell body to other neurons

potential action definiton

electrical signal in axon

resting potential definition

no electrical signal when neuron is resting

neurotransmitter definition

chemical messenger that communicates with neurons, muscles, glands cells across synapse

synapse reuptake

process where neurotransmitters return to axon terminal to be absorbed by neurons after a synapse

8 types of neurotransmitters

Acetylcholine(ACh), epinephrine(adrenalin), norepinephrine(NORAD renalin), dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, endorphines

Acetylcholine

ACh, influences movement, memory, autonomic nervous function

epinephrine

adrenalin, influences arousal

norepinephrine

norad renalin, influences arousal and vigilance

dopamine

influences movement, planning, reward

serotonin

influences mood, apitite, sleep

glutamate

influences brain activity excitement

GABA

Gamma-aminobutyric acid, discourage of brain activity

endorpins

influence pain

name the different nervous systems

central nervous system, peripheral nervous system

central nervous system

includes brain&spinal cord, recieves/interprets/responds to info, cns

peripheral nervous system

includes nerves outside of brain/spinal cord, these nerves carry sensory motor information throughout body, connect CNS to organs and limbs,

parts to PNS

Somatic and autonomic nervous system

somatic nervous system

SNS, transmits sensory information to CNS, controls voluntary movements by transmitting commands to muscles

automatic nervous system

controls involuntary movements, directs organ, gland, smooth muscle activities

divisions of ANS

sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric

sympathetic division

prepares body for movement, controls the fight or flight response

parasympathetic division

relaxes body, slows functions, controls relax and rest actions

enteric division

controls digestive system

frontal lobe

includes motor cortex, controls speech,personality, some cognitive process

parietal lobe

includes somatosensory cortex, controls/processes sensory info

occiptial lobe

includes cerebral cortex and visual cortex, is in the back of brain, controls vision

temporal lobe

includes cerebral and auditory cortex, controls hearing and memory

pons

part of brain stem, in between medulla and midbrain, controls breathing, sleep, facial expressions

cerebellum

attached to brain stem, controls movement and coordination

midbrain

part of brain stem, in between medulla and cerebral hemispheres, controls eye movement, reflexes, movements

medulla

part of brain steam, above spinal cord, controls heart rate, breathing, blood pressure

reticular formation

collection of structures on brain steam midline, controls mood, alertness, arousal

basal ganglia

collection of subcotical, helps handle motor movement control

thalamus

subcortical, processes and controls sensory/ movement info all throughout body

hypothalamus

subcortical, controls hunger, thirst, sexual behaviors, homeostasis aggression, hunger

brainsteam

connects medulla, pons, midbrain

endocrine system

system of slow chemical communication made of glands

pituary gland

regulates hormone growth, releases hormones to blood stream

pineal gland

regulates sleep

adrenal gland

regulates stress, immune system, metabolism, blood pressure

pancreas

regulates sugar levels in blood

thyroid gland

controls metabolism

parathyroid

regulates calcium levels in blood

ovaries

stores female sex hormones

testes

stores male sex hormones