Animal Health and Disease Exam 4

Major contributors to Economic Losses!

Why are diseases of the alimentary tract a concern in the Livestock Field?

Gingivitis

• reversible

• build up of plaque

• progresses to periodontal disease

Periodontal Disease

• Not reversible

• inflammation and secondary soft tissue damage and bone loss

Fractured teeth

• extract if pulp cavity is exposed

• always evaluate even if asymptomatic

Oral Trauma

• inability to close mouth, reluctant to eat, surgical repairs

• tongue laceration

• mandibular/maxillary fractures

Salivary Mucocele

• accumulation of excessive amounts of saliva in the subcutaneous tissue

• slowly enlarging, non-painful, swelling on neck or tongue

Oral Neoplasia

• rapidly growing tumor

• dome shaped and may be black, brown, mottled, or unpigmented

• Malignant melanoma-most common type in dogs

• Squamous cell carcinoma-most common type in cats

Why are treatments so different in animals?

• Anatomy differences

• Age

• Sex – Intact? pregnancy?

• Housing environment

• Feed

• Species

Benign Oral Neoplasia

• Papillomas-pale colored cauliflower like growths, viral

• slow growing but may be locally invasive

Esophagitis

• Inflammation of the esophageal wall, usually associated with a contact irritant

• DO NOT induce vomiting!

Esophageal Obstruction

• common in young dogs

• pawing at mouth, retching

• prompt removal-endoscope, gastrotomy

Megaesophagus

• Lack of peristalsis results in regurgitation of undigested food

• Can be congenital or acquired-actually a neurologic problem

• no cure-poor prognosis

hoof and mouth disease

• picornarvirus

• contaminated feed or airborne(highly contagious)

• no treatment, no vaccine

• quarantine or slaughter

• lameness in sheep, swine teat, tongue lesions, swine hoof loss

Vesicular stomatitis

• affects horses, cattle, and swine

• zoonotic

• no treatment, vaccine available

• painful lesions (similar to foot and mouth)

Blue tongue

• midge vector

• cattle and deer reservoir

• no treatment, vaccine available, strain-specific

• common in sheep

Lumpy Jaw

• Actinomycosis

• Soil organism

• jaw does not return to normal

• surgery when small

• not contagious, no prevention

Actinobacillosis - Wooden Tongue

• Puncture or abrasion

• Avoid feed with thorns

• Soil bacterium

Acute Gastritis

• dietary change, toxin ingestion, foreign body ingestion, infection, parasites, bloodwork, fecal

• mucosa is damaged, inflammation occurs

Gastric Ulceration

• Commonly the result of drug therapy, NSAIDs

• Can be caused by stress

Gastric Neoplasia

• Adenocarcinoma is most common in dogs

• Lymphoma is most common in cats

Bloat

• frothy

• enlargement on the left side

• sawhorse stance

Ruminal Distension

• gas or fluid

• enlargement in left side where rumen is

Anaplasmosis

Circulatory

Chronic Alveolar Emphysema

Respiratory

Metritis

Reproductive

Volvulus

Digestive

Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)

Respiratory

Shipping Fever

Respiratory

Strangles (equine distemper)

Respiratory

Gingivitis

Digestive

Bronchopneumonia

Respiratory

Heartworm

Circulatory