Introduction to Flight Mechanics and Evolution

Flashcards covering key vocabulary related to bird and bat flight mechanics, evolutionary concepts, and physiological processes affecting their adaptability.

Supracoracoideus

A small muscle in birds that is involved in the upstroke of flight.

Pectoralis

A larger muscle in birds that is responsible for the downstroke during flight.

Fulcrum

A pivot point around which forces are applied; in flight, it refers to the joint around which wing movement occurs.

Cursorial

Referring to a mode of locomotion that involves running to generate lift, often associated with some flight evolution theories.

Ornithomorphs

Bird-shaped ancestors that have led to the evolution of modern birds.

Angle of Attack

The angle formed between the wing and the oncoming air that affects lift and aerodynamic performance.

Aspect Ratio

The ratio of the wingspan to the width of the wing, influencing flight dynamics.

Camber

The curvature of a bird's wing that helps create lift by altering airflow.

Bernoulli's Principle

A physics principle explaining how wing shape affects airflow and pressure differences to generate lift.

Petagium

The membrane that extends between the fingers of bats, aiding in flight.

Tendon locking mechanism

A feature in bats allowing them to hang upside down effortlessly by locking tendons in place.

Vasodilation

The widening of blood vessels, which can be induced by certain biological compounds.

Phospholipase A2

An enzyme that breaks down phospholipids; can be used by snakes for venom.

Hypotension

A condition of abnormally low blood pressure, which can be induced by certain venoms.