Chemistry - Gases in our atmosphere

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Last updated 2:51 PM on 4/9/26
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22 Terms

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Nitrogen percentage in dry air

78.1%

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Oxygen percentage in dry air

20.96%

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Argon percentage in dry air

0.9%

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Carbon dioxide percentage in dry air

0.04%

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Why do we measure in dry air?

The numbers will not change and are the same all around the world. Wet air changes based on the weather e.g. storm

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Calculating the percentage of oxygen in the air by using the rusting of iron

4Fe + 3O2 + XH2O → 2Fe2O3.XH2O = Hydrated iron oxide. The iron has to be wet as it takes thousands of years to rust if its dry. Because there is both a solid reactant and product, it can stall as the product can coat the reactant.

<p>4Fe + 3O<sub>2</sub> + XH<sub>2</sub>O → 2Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.XH<sub>2</sub>O = Hydrated iron oxide. The iron has to be wet as it takes thousands of years to rust if its dry. Because there is both a solid reactant and product, it can stall as the product can coat the reactant. </p>
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Using phosphorus to calculate the percentage of oxygen in the air

P2O5 + 3H2O → 2H3PO4. Calculate how much the height of the water changes to measure the volume. This method gives the best results. This is because the product is a non-metal oxide, which means there is an acidic gas, it then diffuses away and more phosphorus reacts.

<p>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> + 3H<sub>2</sub>O → 2H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. Calculate how much the height of the water changes to measure the volume. This method gives the best results. This is because the product is a non-metal oxide, which means there is an acidic gas, it then diffuses away and more phosphorus reacts.</p>
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What happens when magnesium combusts?

There is a bright white light and a white solid is formed. 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) → 2MgO (s)

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Equation for magnesium oxide with water?

MgO (s) + H2O (l) → Mg(OH)2 (aq)

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What happens when sulfur combusts?

There is a blue / purple flame and a colourless gas forms. 2S + 3O2 → 2SO3

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Equation for sulfur oxide with water?

SO3 (g) + H2O (l) → H2SO4 (l)

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What happens when hydrogen combusts?

There is a squeaky pop. It’s used in rocket fuel. 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (g). It’s a very hot exothermic reaction

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How can carbon dioxide be produced?

By thermal decomposition of some metal carbonates. A → B + C

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Carbon dioxide produced by thermal decomposition of metal carbonates experiment

The limewater goes cloudy. Ca(OH)2 (ag) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l).

<p>The limewater goes cloudy. Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> (ag) + CO<sub>2</sub> (g) → CaCO<sub>3</sub> (s) + H<sub>2</sub>O (l).</p>
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Why is carbon suitable for downwards delivery?

It’s more dense than air

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Why is carbon used on fire extinguishers?

It acts like a blanket, pushing the air out to the sides, so that the fire is deprived of oxygen

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Decomposition of copper carbonate

Copper carbonate → copper oxide + carbon dioxide

CuCO3 → CuO + CO2

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Colour of CuCO3

Green

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Colour of CuO

Black

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Colour of CuSO4

Blue

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Colour of Cu(OH)2

Pale blue

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What is carbon dioxide?

A greenhouse gas and increasing amounts in the atmosphere may contribute to climate change