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Formulas
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Area between two graphs (Vertically simple)

Area between two graphs (Horiontally simple)

Total Mass

Average Value

Volume using Disk Method
The solid obtained by rotating the region under the graph about the x-axis has volume

Volume using Washer Method

Volume using Shell Method

Integration by Parts

sin2x

cos2x

d/dx (sin-1f(x))

d/dx (cos-1f(x))

d/dx (tan-1f(x))

Half-life and Doubling Time

Exponential decay: Half-life
k < 0

Exponential growth: Doubling-time
k > 0

Indeterminate forms (take l’Hopital)

Geometric Series

Sum of Geometric Series when | r | < 1
Geometric Series: Converges to 0
| r | < 1

Geometric Series: Converges to c
r = 1

Geometric Series: Diverges

Sum of a Geometric Series

nth Divergence Test

Integral Test
Must be positive, decreasing, and continuous

p-Series Test

Direct Comparison Test


Limit Comparison Test when L > 0
Must be positive sequences


Limit Comparison Test when L = 0
Must be positive sequences


Limit Comparison Test when L = ♾
Must be positive sequences

Alternating Series Test
Take derivative to prove that the sequence is decreasing


Alternating Series Estimation
The error approximating S by SN is less than the next term in the series


Ratio Test when ρ < 1
Absolutely Convergent

Ratio Test when ρ > 1
Divergent

Ratio Test when ρ = 1
Inconclusive → use other test

Root Test when L < 1
Absolutely Convergent

Root Test when L > 1
Divergent

Root Test when L = 1
Inconclusive → use other test
Power Series with a Center c

Maclaurin Series of ex

Maclaurin Series of sinx

Maclaurin Series of cosx

Maclaurin Series of 1/(1-x)

Maclaurin Series of 1/(1+x)

Maclaurin Series of ln (1+x)

Maclaurin Series of arctanx

Binomial Series (1+x)a

Parameterization of a Line: The line through P=(a,b) of slope m is parametrized by

Parameterization of a Circle with radius R and centered at (a,b)


Parameterization of an Ellipse

Slope of Tangent Line ~ Parametric Curve

Arc Length

Speed Along a Parametrized Path

Area in Polar Coordinates

Arc Length in Polar Coordinates

polar equation of the line L whose point closest to the origin is Po=(d,𝛼)
