RADPH CH. 3

electromagnetic radiation

carries energy in waves as electric and magnetic disturbances in space traveling at the speed of light

electromagnetic spectrum

a way of ordering or grouping the different electromagnetic radiations

velocity (speed of light)

members of the electromagnetic spectrum have the same:

energy, wavelength, and frequency

Members of the electromagnetic spectrum vary in their":

106 to 10-16 meters (m)

wavelengths range

102 to 1024 hertz (Hz)

frequencies range

atom

electromagnetic radiation originates from the

10^-12 to 10^10 electron volts (eV)

energy ranges from

wavelength

a measure of the distance from peak of one wave to the peak of the next wave

frequency

number of waves that pass a given point per second

amplitude

maximum heigh of a wave

wave-particle duality

exhibiting properties of a wave and particle

ionization

removal of an electron from an atom

ion pair

an atom and electron that was removed from it

radioactivity

general term for the process of an atom with excess energy in its nucleus emitting particles and energy to regain stability

radioactive decay

process of a radioactive element giving off excess energy and particles to regain stability

half-life

length of time it takes for half the remaining atoms in a quantity of a particular radioactive element to decay

positron

positively charged beta particles

alpha particle

two protons bound to two neutrons

beta particle

electron emitted from an unstable nucleus, has ability to ionize matter

x-rays and gamma rays

two areas of the electromagnetic spectrum that ionize matter

velocity/frequency

wavelength formula

velocity/wavelength

frequency formula

becqurel

unit for radioactive decay

inverse

relationship between wavelength and frequency

dimnishes

the intensity of electromagnetic radiation ______ over distance

photon

smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic energy

origin

only difference between x-rays and gamma rays

radioactive

elements that are composed of atoms with unstable nuclei d

positive charge

charge of an alpha particle

positive or negative

beta particles charge

no charge

x-rays and gamma rays have

x-rays

type of radiation that is emitted from outside of the nucleus

alpha particles

are useful in nuclear medicine, can ionize matter

beam quantity

how many photons in the x-ray beam

beam quality

average energy of x-ray photons in the x-ray beam

isotropic

photons diverge in all directions

increase

as the frequency of electromagnetic radiation decreases, wavelength will:

radiowaves

member of the electromagnetic spectrum that has the longest wavelength, lowest energy, non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation.

electron interactions on the outside of a nucleus

x-rays originate from

high frequency

x-ray photon with high energy has

massless package of energy

describes an x-ray photon

wavelength and frequency

difference in energy between different forms of electromagnetic radiation is the result of changes in

increased frequency, increased energy

a decrease in wavelength of an x-ray photon results in

have zero mass

both 100 keV x-ray and a 10keV gamma ray

frequency times wavelength is constant

given the sine wave model of electromagnetic radiation:

sine wave

squiggly line on the electromagnetic spectrum chart

low energy and long wavelengths

photons of radiowaves have relatively

atomic nucleus during decay

gamma rays originate from the

velocity

same for both ultraviolet radiation and microwaves

gamma rays

very high energy electromagnetic radiation originating from a radioactive nucleus with the ability to ionize matter.

hertz (hz)

unit of measure for frequency equal to one cycle per second

infrared light

a low-energy, non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation just above microwaves

inverse square law

the intensity of a source of radiation is inversely propoertional to the square of the distance

ionization

the removal of one electron from an atom

microwaves

a low-energy, nonionizing electromagnetic radiation just above radio waves

particulate radiation

high-energy particles with the ability to ionize matter

photon

a discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy

plancks constant

a mathematical value used to calculate photon energies based on frequency and equal to 4.135 × 10^15 eV. sec

ultraviolet light

a low-energy, nonionizing electromagnetic radiation just above visible light

visible light

low-energy, non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation just above infrared light.

energy

fundamental property of gamma rays and x-rays

alternating current

moves back and fourth

Direct current

Moves in one direction

electromagnetic

combo of electricity and magnesium

continuous

the range of energy, frequency, and wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum is:

meters (m)

unit for wavelength

hertz (hz)

unit for frequency

electrons

what is being removed from atoms in a patients body during x-rays

Clarence Dally

Edison’s assistant that had radiation burs.

microwaves

transmit phone signals and heat food.

excess energy the atom is giving off to reach a stable state

what do Gamma Rays represent.

electron cloud of an artificially stimulated atom

where are electrons emitted from

radioactive

elements that are composed of atoms with unstable nuclei

bigger/less

alpha particles are _______ than beta particles but _______ likely to penetrate an object.

NOT

alpha and beta particles are ____ apart of the electromagnetic spectrum