RELG 254: General words

Polyvalent, Sanskrit, yuj, join, yoke, meanings, effort, means, method, discipline, attainment, liberation, moksa, extraordinary powers, siddhis, psychophysical, set of practices, final state, goal, samadhi, going, knowing, doing, meaning, cessation of the turnings of thought, contemplative, psychological, historically, unified

Yoga” is described as a ___ ___ term usually derived from √___, “to ___” or “to ___,” but which also has a wide variety of ___ in ordinary language, such as a ___, ___, ___, ___, etc. It is often more specifically used in the context of “___ of ___ (___) or ___ ___ (___) through prescribed ___ methods”. It can refer both to a ___ and to the ___ ___/___ of such practices (often ___). It can take the form of yoga of ___ (early uses), ___ and ___. Its ___ tends to differ depending on the source. For instance, the Yogasūtra, defines it as “the ___” (1.2), indicating a ___ and ___ goal. Its meaning evolved ___ rather than originating as a single ___ system. 

Heat, ascetic effort, austerity, discipline, transformative spiritual power, means, end goal, moksa, renunciation, liberation, Hatha yoga, preservation, sublimation, bodily fluids, bindu, yogasutra, performance, sadhanas, bodily limitations, transformative power

Tapas

Literally “___”; it refers to ___ ___, ___, and inner ___ that generates ___ ___ ___ across various traditions/sources. It is most often used as a ___ to attain an ___ ___ (such as ___), and is often linked to ___ and the pursuit of ___. Represents a central discipline in many traditions, such as ___ ___ in which it is seen as essential for the ___ and ___ of ___ ___ such as ___. Its importance is further highlighted in the ___ as part of the active ___ of yoga (chapter 2: ___). Tapas reflects discipline ascetic effort aimed at overcoming ___ ___ and generating ___ ___. 

Supernatural powers, extraordinary abilities, advanced yogic practice, by products, concentration, tapas, ambivalently, impressive, distracting, moksa, dispassion, tantric, Hatha yoga, 3, yogasutra, perfect discipline, extraordinary powers, Mahabharata, yoginis

Siddhis

___ ___,” referring to ___ ___ attained through ___ ___ ___. While sometimes described as ___ of deep ___ or ___, siddhis are often treated ___—___ yet potentially ___ from the ultimate goal of ___. ___ towards these powers is thus crucial to the attainment of true freedom. They are a major goal in ___ and ___systems, are central to chapter ___ of the ___ (ex: ability to become as small as an atom (3.45); chapter is literally called “___ ___ and ___ ___”) as well as the ___ (as highlighted in Fitzergerald’s text on the Yogavidhi section of the MhB), and are highly connected to ___. 

Darsana, school of total knowledge, dualistic, purusa, spirit, matter, prakrti, levels of being, spirit, purusa, matter, prakrti, 3 gunas, qualities, radical disaffection, world, vairagya, kaivalya, enumeration, contemplation, system, world, yogasutra, analysis, discriminative knowledge, liberation, Mahabharata, tantric

Samkhya or Samkhya ___ (literally: The ___) is a ___ philosophical system that shaped classical yoga thought and which distinguishes ___ (___) from ___ (___). It emphasizes ___, the duality of ___ (___) and ___ (___; characterized by the ___ ___/___), and has for goal the ___ ___ from the ___ (___ or ___) achievable through the ___ and ___ of the entire ____ of the ___. Its philosophical framework is particularly influential in the ___, especially in its ___ of spirit and material nature, and the goal of ___ ___ leading to ___. Further acts as a central foundation/idea in the ___ (more precisely the Bhaghavadgita), as well as ___ traditions 

Samkhya, fundamental qualities, mater, prakrti, sattva, lucidity, rajas, passion, tamas, dark inertia, mental, material, interplay, yogasutra, explicitly mentioned, liberation, kaivalya, isolation, spirit, purusa, matter, prakrti

The three gunas

According to ___ theory, the 3 gunas, which are the ___ ___ that compose ___ (___), are ___ (___), ___ (___) and ___ (___ ___). All ___ and ___ phenomena are thought to result from their ___. They play a particularly important role in the ___, where they are ___ ___ multiple times (ex: sutra 2.18), and in which ___ (___) is said to only be achieved through the ___ of ___ (___) from ___ (___).