Hormones

oxytocin (OT)

causes contraction of muscels in the uterus and contraction of cells in the mammary glands resulting in milkd release during breastfeeding

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/ vassopressin

causes kidneys to remove water from forming urine

In high concentrations can cause ateriole constriction

Growth hormones (GH)/ somatotropin

increases rate at which amino aids are taken up by cells and formed into proteins, stimulates growth of skeleton, maintains organs size after maturation. Sectered throughout life, affects all cells

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)/ thyrotropin

stimluates production and release of hormones from thyroid gland.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/ adrenocorticotropin

controls production and relase of some hormones from the cortex of the adrenal glands.

Prolcatin (PRL)/ lactogentic hormone

works with other hormones to initiate and maintain milke production in females.

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

stimulates the development of follicles in the ovaries and production and maturation of sprem

Luteinising hormone (LH)

works to bring maturation of ovarian follicles, ovulation and development of corpus luteum. Stimulates interstitial in testes cells to produces male sex hormones

Thyroxine (T4)

• based on two molecules of of amino acid tyrosine

• 4 iodine atoms

• much less reactive than T3 but lasts longer

• makes up 80% of thyroid produced hormones

• controls bodies metabolism; regulates reactions which break down comples molecules to release energy

• regulates reactions where simple molecules are used to sythesise complex ones

• overall effect; bring about energy release

• some energy released inheat form; maintains body temperature

Triiodothyronine(T3)

• based on two molecules of of amino acid tyrosine

• 3 iodine atoms

• makes up 20% of thyroid produced atoms

• once released enzymes convert T4 inoto T3

• relgulates calcium and phosphate levels in blood

• releases calcitonin from C-cells when calcuimor phosphate levels are too high

• reduces reabsorbtion of calcium by kidneys and the break down of bone

• moves phosphate into bone and reduces kidney reabsorption

• decreases concentration in blood

parathyroid hormone/parathormone (PTH)

• increase calacium concentraion in blood

• increases phosphate excretion in urine

thymosins

influences the maturation of T-lymphocytes

adrenaline / epinephrine

• helps prepare the body for reaction to a threat

• invloved in fight of flight response

noradrenaline/ norepinephrine

• similar to adrenaline

• increases heart rate

aldosterone

• acts on kidneys to reduce sodium amount in urine

• increase potassium amount in urine

cortasol

• w/ related hormones, aids in healthy metabolism

• helps the body withstand stress

• helps the body repair damaged tissue

insulin

• reduces glucose concentration in blood

• increase glucose uptake in cells

• in liver, causes converstion of glucose to glycogen and fat

• in skeletal muscles, causes formation of glycogen from glucose

• in fat storage tissue, causes glucose to be converted to fat

glucogen

• increase glucose in blood

• prompts break down of glycogen to glucose in liver

• stimulates breakdown of fat in liver and in storage tissues

erythropoietin (EPO)

stimulates red blood cell production in red bone marrow

testosterone

development and maintaince of male sex charactistics

oestogens and progesterone

• stimulate development and maintenance of sex characteristics

• regulates menstural cycle along with gonadotropins

• responsible for the changes that occur during pregnancy