Lab Animal Health Exam 2

Which animal source provides animals with a verifiable health status from birth?

Class A

Why is the health status of the animal at the time of purchase important?

You minimize the introduction of unknown or unwanted variables when you know the health status at the time of purchase.

An animal with an unknown, uncontrolled variety and number of microorganisms is called:

Conventional

Axenic is a term for an animal which has a microbiological status which is:

Germ-free

What does 'SPF' stand for?

Specific Pathogen Free

Which of the following outlines the regulations for transport of animals used in research?

AWA (Animal Welfare Act)

Which of the following is NOT required to be written on the cage card for the animal?

Age and Weight

All of the following occur or may occur during the quarantine period except:

Obtain IACUC approval for use on the study.

Quarantine rooms should be maintained under which of the following conditions?

Negative pressure, biocontainment barriers

What is the acclimation period?

Stress recovery and adjustment to husbandry and environment.

During which of the following periods will conditioning occur?

Quarantine

The typical quarantine period for the average healthy animal is:

72 hours

The IP route means that you are injecting in which of the following locations?

Intraperitoneal

All animals must enter quarantine upon arrival to a new facility or before moving to a new study at the same facility.

True

Class ___ dealers breed their own animals and have a complete health status from birth which is verifiable

Class A

Class ___ breeders purchase and may also condition random animal sources. They have an incomplete health status and is only verifiable since the time the animal was acquired

Class B

____ - animals carry unknown, uncontrolled variety and number of organisms. No specialized barriers are required to maintain the status of the animal.

Conventional

____ - germfree; absolutely no detechable bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms. The animal is bred and maintained in a sterile environment and usually have digestive problems due to the lack of normal gut flora.

Axenic

____ - define flora; very small numbers of KNOWN microorganisms are present. The animal is given a cocktail of harmless bacteria by mouth to overcome digestive problems.

Gnotobiotic

____ - only specific microorganisms are absent. Not all of these animals lack the same microorganisms, so you need to understand the specific status of each animal and avoid cross-contamination among animals.

SPF (specific pathogen free)

Axenic, gnotobiotic, and SPF animals must be maintained behind ____ barriers to maintain their microbiological status.

bioexclusionary

____ outlines the laws and requirements for transport, while ___ specifices characteristics of chipping containers, temperature ranges, ventilation, and space.

AWA outlines the laws and requirements for transport, while AWR specifies characteristics of chipping containers, temperature ranges, ventilation, and space.

What must you do before bringing any new animal containers into a facility?

disinfect the outside of all containers according to receiving SOPs

What information must be on cage cards?

• PI

• Species

• Strain

• Vendor/Source

• Protocol

T or F: Technically, if the animal never leaves its home cage for the duration of the study, no additional form of permanent ID is required. A cage card is sufficient.

True

____ - this is a time period of rest for newly arrived animals to recover from stress of travel and adjust to the new environment and husbandry practices.

Acclimation

T or F: Acclimation and quarantine periods are typically served simultaneously.

True

What does enteral mean?

A route of medication administration that is via the GI tract

What does parenteral mean?

Routes of medication administration that are not via the GI tract

Which of the following signs would indicate that barbering of mice is occurring?

Alopecia with healthy skin

Porphyrin staining is an indication of which of the following in rodents?

Stress, disease, or injury

The direct sentinel program places sentinel animals into which location?

A shared microenvironment with each individual animal on the study.

An acceptable method of euthanasia is one in which:

The method consistently causes rapid death.

Hypoxia causes euthanasia by which of the following methods?

Inadequate supply of oxygen to tissues and cells

Hypoxia is NOT an appropriate method of euthanasia for which of the following?

• Amphibians

• Reptiles

• Diving ducks and diving mammals

All of these

Which of the following methods of euthanasia would be BESTfor a group of animals?

Gaseous agents

Adjunctive methods are those which can only be used when:

Animals are unconscious, anesthetized, or insentient.

Which route is considered adjunctive for administration of chemical agents for euthanasia?

IC

Sodium pentobarbital is the most common agent for which category of euthanasia?

Chemical agents

What is MS - 222?

A topical chemical agent used for euthanasia.

MS - 222 is commonly used for euthanasia in which species?

Amphibians and fish

Which of the following compressed gases is most commonly used for euthanasia?

Carbon dioxide

Adjunctive agents are most commonly used for which of the following purposes?

To confirm death in animals which are difficult to assess.

What is a sentinel?

Animals used to detect foreign agents in animals on a study.

T or F: Isolation is for animals which become sick while on a study.

True

T or F: It is less stressful to euthanize animals in a foreign cage that is unknown to them.

False

T or F: Filling the chamber with the gaseous agent before introducing the animal reduces stress

False

T or F: The euthanasia procedure is NOT complete until you have verified death.

True

The health status and vaccination schedule for the animal is verified during the ___ period.

quarantine

T or F: Barbering is a sign of dominance among mince and the mouse with the barbered fur is the subordinate mouse.

True

T or F: Barbering is completely harmless.

True

____ is a dental disorder, common in laboratory mice and characterized by improper alignment of the teeth.

malocclusion

The teeth of mice grow at a rate of ____ per week.

1 - 1.7 mm

If you must grasp a rodent by its tail, where should you grab?

the base

A ____ is an animal that is used to detect the presence of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and other agents present within an animal colony.

Sentinal animals

____ sentinel program: placed into the same microenvironment as members of the colony.

direct

____ sentinel program: placed into a separate yet indentical microenvironment desinged to simulate the exact conditions of the colony’s microenvironment

indirect

Which is more cost-efficient and time-saving, direct sentinel programs or indirect sentinel programs?

indirect

When an animal becomes sick while on a study, that animal is placed in ____

isolation

Isolation areas should be maintained under ____ pressure

negative

All euthanasia plans must be approved by ____ as appropriate for the species and for meeting the criteria of humane eithanasia appropriate for the type of research manipulations that will be performed.

IACUC

Euthanasia methods result in death via one of three ways:

1. Loss of brain function which sustains basic life processes

2. Hypoxia, which is the inadequate supply of oxygen to cells and tissues of the body

3. Physical disruption and destruction of brain activity

What are four methods of euthanasia?

• chemical agents

• gaseous agents

• physcial agents

• adjunctive agents

What is the fastest administration route for chemical agents?

IV

What is the slowest administration route for chemical agents?

IP

Which administration route for chemical agents is only used for adjunctive agents?

IC

____ are the most frequently used chemical injectable agent for euthanasia.

Barbiturates

Of the barbiturates, which is the most common agent to use for euthanasia?

sodium pentobarbital

The most used immersion (topical) agent for euthanasia is what?

MS - 222

T or F: With reptiles, chelonians are the most preferred way of euthanasia.

False, chelonians should be avoided due to the reptile’s ability to hold its breath and tolerate anoxia.

What is the most commonly used gaseous agent for euthanasia?

carbon dioxide

T or F: physical agents are considered acceptable with conditions as a method for euthanasia.

True

Cervical dislocation is only apropriate for what species?

• Mice and rats weighing less than 200 grams

• Rabbits

• Poultry

• Small birds

What is the last reflex to stop after euthanasia?

Corneal reflex