Chapter 10-3
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58 Terms
Where were the Maya located?
Mexico and Guatemala.
What environmental challenges did the Maya face?
Droughts and dense rain forests.
How did the Maya get water during droughts?
They used underground water sources.
How did the Maya manage their environment?
They cleared forests and created water management systems.
What crop was especially important to the Maya?
Corn.
Why was it difficult for the Maya to build cities?
Because of the dense rain forests.
How was each Maya city-state governed?
By a king.
What did Maya kings claim about their ancestry?
They were descended from the Sun god.
Who was the greatest Maya king?
Pakal.
What type of social structure did the Maya have?
A strict class system.
What did the Maya believe about their gods?
The gods controlled everything on Earth.
What was the role of Maya priests?
To perform ceremonies to please the gods.
What was bloodletting in Maya society?
A ritual where nobles and royals offered blood to the gods.
Did the Maya practice human sacrifice?
Yes.
Why did Maya city-states go to war?
To gain captives and land.
What role could women play in Maya society?
Some women ruled, and royal women married to form alliances.
What scientific field did the Maya study?
Astronomy.
What is one achievement of the Maya calendar system?
They developed an advanced calendar.
What number system did the Maya use?
A base-20 number system.
What important mathematical concept did the Maya use?
Zero.
What writing system did the Maya develop?
Hieroglyphics.
Why did Maya civilization collapse?
The exact reason is unknown.
Where did the Aztecs settle?
On Lake Texcoco.
How did the Aztecs connect their city to the mainland?
With bridges/causeways.
What were Aztec floating gardens called?
Floating gardens used for farming on the lake.
What was the name of the Aztec capital city?
Tenochtitlan.
What structures did the Aztecs build in Tenochtitlan?
Temples, palaces, aqueducts, roads, and homes.
How were Aztec emperors chosen?
Based on military skill.
Who was the most powerful Aztec ruler?
Montezuma I.
How did the Aztecs expand their empire?
Through military conquest.
What did the Aztecs demand from conquered peoples?
Payments or tribute.
Why did the Aztecs become wealthy?
Tenochtitlan was a major center of trade.
Who was at the top of Aztec society?
The emperor.
What did the Aztecs believe about their emperor?
He was descended from a god.
What were Aztec children taught?
The glory of war.
What rights did women have in Aztec society?
They could earn and inherit property.
What role did Aztec priests play?
They performed sacrifices to please the gods.
What were codices?
Books used by priests to record history.
How did the Aztecs improve farming?
They used irrigation.
Who founded the Inca Empire?
Three strong emperors.
What was the largest empire in the Americas?
The Inca Empire.
What type of government did the Inca have?
A strong central government.
What government systems existed in the Inca Empire?
Taxes, bureaus, courts, and military posts.
What language were people in the Inca Empire required to learn?
Quechua.
What labor requirement existed in the Inca Empire?
Everyone worked for the government several weeks each year.
How did the Inca usually expand their empire?
They preferred peaceful expansion and invited kingdoms to join.
How long was the Inca road system?
About 25,000 miles.
Why was the Inca road system important?
It allowed movement of soldiers, goods, and information.
What farming techniques did the Inca use?
Irrigation, fertilizer, and terrace farming.
What is terrace farming?
Farming on step-like levels built into mountainsides.
What did the Inca believe about their ruler?
That the ruler was divine.
What religious leader existed in Inca society?
A priest.
Who was required to serve in the Inca army?
Young men.
Why was military service important in the Inca Empire?
It helped maintain the large empire.
What kind of structures did the Inca build to honor their gods?
Large stone structures.
Did the Inca have a writing system?
No.
How did the Inca build stone structures?
By fitting stones tightly together without mortar.
What was a quipu?
A system of knotted cords used to keep records.