bio test on 12/12/22

Nucleus

brains of the cell, controls everything

Nuclear membrane

controls what enters and leaves the nucleus

nuclear pores

allows small molecules and ions to freely pass, or diffuse, into or out of the nucleus

Chromatine

strands of dna/not dividing

chromosomes

strands of dna/dividing

nucleolus

make sub units of ribosomes

cytoplasm

jelly-like substance inside the cell, cushions all the organelles

ribosomes

makes proteins using instructions from DNA. found in Rough ER and cytoplasm

Rough ER

found in 2 layers of membrane. function: manufactures ribosomes

golgi apparatus

modifies materials made in ER. can add "packaging" to cells

microtubules

ridgid, allows movement. part of cytoskeleton

centrioles

made up of two groups of microtubules

microfilaments

flexible, muscle contraction, cellular divison

vesiciles

small bubbles that transport fluids and gasses throughout the cell

mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell. makes ATP (energy that is stored)

ATP

stored energy. atp meaning Adenosine Triphosphate (tri = three groups). made in the mitochondria. energy used in the cell

ADP + (P)

released energy. adp meaning Adenosine Diphosphate (di = two groups). the "+(P)" is another group added to it

cristae

folds inside mitochondria. more folds = more surface area for chemical reactions

lysosomes

bubbles that contain hydrolytic enzymes (chemical garbage collectors)

smooth ER

looks like coral. makes lipids (fats). use carbohydrate metabolism. regulated drug detoxification and calcium concentration

peroxisomes

chemical garbage collectors

cell/plasma membrane

surrounds the cell. is semi-permeable (decides what can go through it and what cant). bi -layered (lipids and proteins)

head is hydrophilic
tail is hydrophobic

protiens in cell membrane

allows large materials to enter/leave. spans both layers

carbs in cell membrane

identifies what belongs in your cells

cell wall

(found only in plant cells) contains cellulose and prevents too much water entering cell

cholorplasts

where photosynthesis happens. green

vacuoles

allow for turgor pressure (water pushing against the cell). prevents cell from exploding