bio test on 12/12/22
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Last updated 9:43 PM on 12/11/22
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27 Terms
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Nucleus
brains of the cell, controls everything
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Nuclear membrane
controls what enters and leaves the nucleus
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nuclear pores
allows small molecules and ions to freely pass, or diffuse, into or out of the nucleus
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Chromatine
strands of dna/not dividing
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chromosomes
strands of dna/dividing
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nucleolus
make sub units of ribosomes
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cytoplasm
jelly-like substance inside the cell, cushions all the organelles
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ribosomes
makes proteins using instructions from DNA. found in Rough ER and cytoplasm
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Rough ER
found in 2 layers of membrane. function: manufactures ribosomes
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golgi apparatus
modifies materials made in ER. can add "packaging" to cells
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microtubules
ridgid, allows movement. part of cytoskeleton
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centrioles
made up of two groups of microtubules
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microfilaments
flexible, muscle contraction, cellular divison
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vesiciles
small bubbles that transport fluids and gasses throughout the cell
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mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell. makes ATP (energy that is stored)
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ATP
stored energy. atp meaning Adenosine Triphosphate (tri = three groups). made in the mitochondria. energy used in the cell
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ADP + (P)
released energy. adp meaning Adenosine Diphosphate (di = two groups). the "+(P)" is another group added to it
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cristae
folds inside mitochondria. more folds = more surface area for chemical reactions
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lysosomes
bubbles that contain hydrolytic enzymes (chemical garbage collectors)
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smooth ER
looks like coral. makes lipids (fats). use carbohydrate metabolism. regulated drug detoxification and calcium concentration
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peroxisomes
chemical garbage collectors
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cell/plasma membrane
surrounds the cell. is semi-permeable (decides what can go through it and what cant). bi -layered (lipids and proteins)
head is hydrophilic
tail is hydrophobic
head is hydrophilic
tail is hydrophobic
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protiens in cell membrane
allows large materials to enter/leave. spans both layers
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carbs in cell membrane
identifies what belongs in your cells
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cell wall
(found only in plant cells) contains cellulose and prevents too much water entering cell
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cholorplasts
where photosynthesis happens. green
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vacuoles
allow for turgor pressure (water pushing against the cell). prevents cell from exploding
