Bio 138 : Digestion pt. 1

Ingestion

Intake

Digestion

Breakdown

Catabolism

Absorption

Uptake

Compaction

Consolidating

Defecation

Excretion

Mechanical digestion 1st

Chewing

Increase surface area

Chemical digestion 2nd

Enzymes produced by salivary glands

Monosaccharides are ____ & get broken down into ______

Carbs

Glucose

Fats get broken down into

Chylomicron

Protein gets broken down into

Amino acids

Digestive tract (Location)

Pharynx

Esophogus

Mouth

Intestines

Stomach

Accessory Organ (Structure that helps w/ digestion)

Teeth

Tongue

Pancreas

Liver

Gallbladder

Salivary gland

The digestive tract is an _____ cavity and ______ tissue lines the cavity

Open

Epithilial

Mucosa (Innermost)

Simple columnar

Lamina propria

MALT - lymph nodes

Submucosa

Blood vessels

Lymphatic vessels

Nerve plexus

Goblet cell

Muscular externa

Inner circular layer - coronal

Outer longitudinal layer - sagittal

Serosa (Outer layer)

Secretes fluid

Minimize friction

Peritoneum

Abdominal cavity holding organs

Mesenteries

Membranes

Retroperitoneal (Behind peritoneum)

Duodenum

Pancreas

Kidney

What gets digested in the mouth

Carbs

Fats

Enzyme for carbs (In mouth)

Salivary amylase

Enzyme for lipids (In the mouth)

Lingual lipase

Intrinsic muscles

Speech

precision

Extrinsic muscles

Power

Bolus

__ teeth (4 regions of 8 teeth)

32

Incisors

Cutting

Anterior

Canine

Puncture

Premolars

Crushing

Molars

Grinding

Posterior

Crown

Visible

Root

Bone

Neck

Gum

Enamel

Hardest substance

Doesnt regenerate

Gingivitis

Bacterial infection

Mastication muscles

Masseter

Temporalis

Pterygoids

Saliva

6.8-7

IgA

Parotid (Mumps)

Secretes enzymes to digest

Submandibular gland

Lubrication

Lower esophageal sphincter

Proximal stomach

Distal esophogus

Prevents gerd

Chronic gerd

Barrets esophogus

Swallowing : Oral phase

Voluntary

Tongue pushes bolus posteriorly to esophagus

Swallowing : Pharyngeal phase

Involuntary

No breathing

Infrahyoid muscle pull larynx up

Swallowing : Esophageal phase

Involuntary

Esophageal phase :

Circuar muscle layer contracts_____ bolus

Longitudinal layer Contracts ______ bolus

Behind

Infront

Stomach functions

Food storage

Protein digestion

Chyme

Soupy mixture

4 Regions of stomach

Cardial - proximal

Fundus - dome

Body - largest

Pyloric - Distal

Pyloric sphincter is at the junction of the _____ stomach and _____ small intestine

Distal

Proximal

Oblique muscle

Unique

Inner oblique layers

Diaganol

Protein digestion enzyme

Pepsin

Parietal cell 3 functions (Secretes HCI & Intrinsic factor)

Stomach acid converts iron

Activates protein digestion

Kills bacteria

Parietal cell : Intrinsic factor

Vitamin B12

Chief cell

Pepsinogen

Acid converts to pepsin

Peptic ulcer

Bacterial infection

H. pyloric