Deciding Bias

Data Collection (1 type of bias)

Structural flows in study design or participant selection that distort population metrics

Human Psychology (2 type of bias)

Inherent mental shortcuts and omitted factors that skew interpreatation and decision-making

Confirmation Bias

Tendency to search for, interpret, and recall information that confirms preexisting beliefs

Nonresponse Bias

Occurs when individuals chosen for a survey refuse or fail to participate, differing systematically from respondents

Sampling Bias

When some members of a population are systematically more likely to be selected in a sample than others

Undercoverage Bias

(A subset of sampling bias) - where a portion of the target population is left out or inadequately represented in the sampling frame

Variable Bias (Omitted Variable Bias)

Appears when a statistical model leaves out an important explanatory variable, falsely attributing causation to included factors