Kabarak University Medical Biochemistry I Exam Review

A set of flashcards based on key concepts from the Medical Biochemistry I exam notes for review and study.

Enzymes

Catalysts that accelerate the rates of biological reactions.

Nonpolar amino acids

Amino acids that do not have polar side chains, examples include Isoleucine, Valine, and Methionine.

Peptide bond

The bond holding the amino acid units together.

Hydrolysis reaction

The process by which proteins are broken down into their amino acids.

First law of thermodynamics

States that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed.

Vasopressin

Hormone involved in increased reabsorption of water from renal tubular epithelial cells.

Purine base

A type of nitrogenous base found in nucleic acids, such as Adenine.

Nucleoside composition

A structure composed of a base and a sugar.

Epimers

Sugars that differ in configuration at only one chiral center.

Cellulose

A linear polymer of glucose units linked by beta (1-4) glycosidic bonds.

Amylopectin

A branched molecule while amylose is linear.

Triglyceride

Formed between glycerol and a saturated fatty acid through an ester functional group.

Palmitic acid molecular formula

The molecular formula for palmitic acid is $CH_3(CH_2)_{12}COOH$.

Vitamin B deficiency

Causes the disease Beri beri.

Proteins

Sometimes contain sulfur and are vital for numerous bodily functions.

Megaloblastic anemia prevention vitamin

Vitamin B9 prevents the development of megaloblastic anemia.

Glucagon

Hormone that accelerates the conversion of glycogen into glucose.

Enzyme classification

The main classes of enzymes according to the enzyme commission system.

Factors affecting enzyme catalysis

Conditions that influence the rate of enzyme reactions, such as temperature and pH.

Functions of proteins

Various roles including structural, transport, hormonal, and enzymatic functions.

D-Ribulose importance

Physiological significance as an intermediate in photosynthesis and sugar metabolism.

Vitamin A

Discussed under chemistry, sources, Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), functions, deficiency manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.