SI- 5, Resistence to Social Influence

How many people did not conform in Asch study?

24%

How many participants did not obey at any point during Milgram study?

35%

What are the two explanations for resistance to social influence?

• social support

• Locus of control

How does Milgram’s variation support resistance to obedience?

Milgram’s research supported that obedience dramatically dropped from 65% to 10% when the genuine participant was joined by a disobedient confederate. The disobedient person acted as a model allowing the participants to act from their own conscience

Why study supports social support as the reason for resistance to conformity?

Asch Variation where he added a confederate who gave the right answer

What do people who have External locus of control believe?

That outcomes are outside of your control- determined by ‘fate’ and independent of your hard work or decisions

What do people with internal locus of control believe?

That outcomes are within your control- determined by your hard work or decision

Who came up with Locus of Control?

Rotter (1966)

What does Locus of control refer too?

LOC refers to a persons perception of personal control over their own behaviour

What is Locus of a control measured on?

Locus of control is measured along a scale ranging from ‘high internal’ to ‘high external’

What are traits of people with high ILOC?

• they actively seek information that is useful to them and rely less on the opinions of others

• Tend to be more self-confident and achievement orientated

• More likely to become leaders

What are traits of people with high ELOC?

• less independent and may rely more on opinions of others

• Lower self-efficiency which means they doubt their own abilities to be sucessful and achieve goals

Wha did Allen and Levine (1971) found in their Asch-type experiment?

Allen and Levine found that conformity decreased when there was one dissenter, even if the dissenter wore thick glasses and claimed to have difficulty wit his vision

Why did Gamson et al (1982) found higher level of resistance in their study than Milgram?

Gamson et al found higher level of resistance because participants were on groups rather than their own, 88% did not obey

What did Holland (1967) find?

Holland found that participants with an ILOC were more able to resist obedience in a Milgram procedure than those with an ELOC.

What were the founding of Holland (1967)

63% of infernale obeyed to the highest shock compared to 77% of external

Why may Internal LOC being seen as desirable be ethnocentric?

Certain cultures view external LoV to be desirable, Dylan (1984) suggested cultures with Karmic beliefs like Buddhism, acceptance of one’s helplessness to control life’s problem is crucial

Who found contradictory research of the role of LOC?

Twenge et al (2004)

What did Twenge et al (2004) do?

Twenge et al conducted a meta analysis of over 40-year period and found that Americans have become more resistant to obedience over this time but also more external in their LOC