Bone Injuries

cause of bone fracture

direct or indirect trauma

clinical presentation of bone fractures

pain, tenderness, localized bruising, swelling, deformity

why is immobilization needed for bone fractures

so it heals correctly and doesn’t become like a second joint

secondary issues due to immobilization

muscle atrophy, joint stiffness

function of ottawa ankle and foot rules

rule out a fracture vs ligament issue

why is it good that the ottawa ankle rules has high sensitivity

ensures that fractures are not missed (low false negatives)

overuse injury of bones

accumulation of damage and bad repair results in stress fractures

time it takes to remodel bone

3-4 months of cortical bone

cause of high rate of reoccurence of BSI in runners

dont decrease their load during recovery

common sites of BSI in runners

tibia, femur, fibula, calcaneus, metatarsals

running pattern effect on bone fractures

pattern determines where loading occurs and causes a fracture where the highest load is

optimal bone workload in runners to avoid BSI

low reps of fast, high magnitude multi-directional loading induces good bone adaptation

areas that have a low risk of BSI in runners

posteromedial tibia, fibula/lateral malleolus, femoral shaft, pelvis, calcaneus

areas that have a high risk of BSI in runners

femoral neck, anterior cortex of tibia, medial malleolus, talus, navicular, base of second metatarsal

treatment of low risk BSI

load modification, progressive return to activity

treatment of high risk BSI

prolonged activity modification, immobilization, NWB, surgery