PPL ACS: TASK D

• What are some restrictions when planning a cross country flight that will end in/traverse a class B airspace?

• Far 61.95 discuses the requirements for student pilot flying to an airport in class B airspace’s as well as flying through class B airspace. For flight through class B airspace’s the student must have received both ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in that specific class B airspace’s. The student pilot needs to have an endorsement from an authorized instructor who conducted their flight training. This endorsement needs to be dated within 99 day period preceding the date of planned flight. The same requirements listen above apply to a student pilot flying from to an airport in class B

• Entry into class B required ATC CLEARANCE. “Cleared to enter Bravo”

• Flying inside of class B airspace requires flight following for VFR traffic

What is the propose of a MOA (Military operations Area) and what considerations needs to be taken into account when flying though a MOA on a cross country flight

An MOA is used to operate certain military training activities from IFR traffic. Whether the MOA is active or inactive, CFR traffic can fly through a MOA without clearance. However because military training activities are taking place, a VFR pilot need to exercise extreme caution.

What is flight following

Flight following is a ATC service that provides traffic separation as well as clearances through controlled airspace, if requested. This can be a great tool when flying through airspace’s with heavy traffic. Flight following can also help pilots navigate adverse weather conditions if encountered through the help of ATC radar

What are some ways too navigate on a cross country flight

• VOR

• GPS navigation

• Pilotage

• Dead reckoning

What’s is a VOR and how does it work?

Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range is a ground based electronic navigation system that provides azimuth information in the form of radials expressed in magnetic headings for hight and low altitude routes. VORs collocated with DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) will provide azimuth information as well as distance form the selected VOR

CDI (Course Deviation Indicator)is the instrument used to set a bearing to or a radial from a VOR. This lets the pilot track to or from a VOR. Selecting a radio is accomplished by turning the OBS to the desired radial

Explain the difference between pilotage and dead reckoning

Pilotage is a form of navigation in which the pilot uses point to point navigation based on visual landmarks in comparison to a section char. When using pilotage it is important to ensure that visual landmarks are easy to find.

Dead reckoning is navigations solely by means of computations based on time, airspeed, distance, and directions. These computations will give the pilot both heading and ground speed. The computed heading takes the aircraft along the intended path and ultimately the destination airport. It is important to note that pilotage and dead reckoning should be used in conjunction with each other to ensure accurate navigation

What factors should you consider when selecting a cruising altitude for VFR cross-country

• terrain and obstacles

• Glide distance

• VFR cruising altitude

• Winds aloft

• Icing conditions

• Airspace

• Hemispherical conditions

• Cloud bases, layer and ceiling

• Perpetrators (freezing levels)

How does one determine the correct VFR cruising altitude ?

FAR 91.159 describes this in detail. Between magnetic courses of 0 to 179 degrees (East). Any odd thousand foot + 500 is to be used. Between magnetic courses of 180 to 359 degrees (West) any even thousand foot + 500 is to be used. This rule begins above 3000ft MSL

What is the glide distance of your plane

This information is dependent on your cruise altitude, as-well as wind conditions . Detailed information regarding distances can be found in the airplanes POH

What is a winds aloft char and how is it decoded

A winds aloft chart provided wind direction, speed and temperature at different altitudes for vicarious locations l. Codes reported as 9900 are light and variable. To convert wind directions reported greater than 360 subtract a 5 from the first number to determine wind direction and add 100 to the wind group. Example 7508 = 250 degree at 80 knots. Winds greater than 200 knots are reported as 109. Example 7599 = 250 at 199 >than 200 knots. All temperature above FL240 are assumed to be negative.