Agriculture

As population has increased, so has ______ demand.

food

To meet increased food demand, we have devoted more ______ fuel energy to agriculture.

fossil

Intensified use of irrigation can lead to ______, like seen in the Aral Sea.

water depletion

Increased use of fertilizers can cause ______, a process harmful to aquatic ecosystems.

eutrophication

Food security guarantees an adequate, safe, ______, and reliable food supply.

nutritious

______ is the term for too few calories, while ______ refers to too few nutrients.

Undernutrition; malnutrition

The Neolithic Revolution marked the transition from ______ to agriculture.

hunter-gatherer societies

Traditional agriculture uses human and animal muscle power, while ______ agriculture relies on large-scale mechanization and fossil fuels.

industrialized

______ involves growing plants for human use, while ______ involves grazing livestock.

Croplands; rangelands

The Green Revolution introduced new ______, crop varieties, and farming practices to increase food production.

technologies

Monocultures reduce biodiversity and rely heavily on ______ and fertilizers.

pesticides

Conservation tillage leaves ______ behind to reduce erosion and improve soil quality.

crop residue

Overgrazing leads to soil ______ and desertification.

erosion

______ farming allows animals to graze on grass for their entire lifecycle.

Free-range

Industrial aquaculture can lead to wastewater contamination and the spread of ______.

diseases

GMOs can be engineered to be resistant to ______, pests, and herbicides.

drought

A disadvantage of GM crops is the potential to create ______ bugs resistant to pesticides.

super

The use of ______ oil has been linked to deforestation and habitat destruction.

palm

Strategies to improve soil fertility include crop rotation and the addition of ______ manure and limestone.

green

Overfishing has reduced ocean biodiversity and created a scarcity of large-bodied ______.

fish

______ agriculture relies on humans and animals for work and does not use fossil fuels.

Traditional

In industrial agriculture, ______ are large areas planted with a single crop.

monocultures

Excessive tilling can lead to ______, harming soil health.

erosion

The Dust Bowl of the 1930s resulted from poor agricultural practices and severe ______.

drought

______ farming produces food primarily for a family’s use, with little surplus for sale.

Subsistence

Conservation tillage methods, such as ______ farming, reduce soil disturbance.

no-till

Overuse of chemical fertilizers can lead to contamination of ______ water supplies.

groundwater

In aquaculture, ______ pens in open water can lead to environmental problems.

floating

Crop rotation helps control ______ by changing the types of crops grown.

pests

______ crops, such as beans, add nitrogen to the soil and improve fertility.

Leguminous

The practice of ______ involves planting rows of trees to reduce wind erosion.

shelterbelts

In strip cropping, different crops are planted in alternating ______.

strips

Desertification is most common in ______ and semiarid regions.

arid

Overfishing has caused the collapse of many ______ stocks globally.

fish

The Green Revolution depended heavily on ______ inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides.

chemical

______ plowing aligns furrows with the natural contours of the land to reduce erosion.

Contour

Bt crops are genetically modified to produce a ______ that kills insect pests.

toxin

Palm oil plantations have significantly impacted ______ populations and habitats.

orangutan

Organic farming avoids the use of ______ fertilizers and pesticides.

synthetic

The process of ______ involves clearing and burning vegetation to enrich soil.

slash-and-burn

Eutrophication results from excess ______ and phosphates in water bodies.

nitrates

Industrial farming methods contribute to ______ change through greenhouse gas emissions.

climate

The Dust Bowl highlighted the need for soil ______ methods in agriculture.

conservation

Genetic engineering differs from traditional breeding by directly modifying ______.

genes

______ grazing involves rotating livestock to prevent overgrazing.

Rotational

Drip irrigation reduces water waste by delivering water directly to ______.

roots

Aquaculture provides over three-quarters of the world’s ______ fish.

freshwater

Industrial agriculture’s reliance on monocultures reduces ______ diversity.

genetic

Free-range meat is often more ______ than feedlot-produced meat.

sustainable

The accidental capture of non-target species during fishing is known as ______.

bycatch

Overgrazing can lead to soil ______, reducing its productivity.

compaction

The primary crops of industrial agriculture include wheat, rice, and ______.

corn

______ farming integrates trees and crops to improve soil fertility.

Agroforestry

The use of pesticides in agriculture can harm ______ insects like bees.

beneficial

______ is a greenhouse gas released in large quantities by livestock.

Methane

Industrial fishing methods like bottom ______ damage ocean ecosystems.

trawling

______ tillage helps sequester carbon and combat climate change.

Conservation

______ crops are bred or engineered to resist specific pests or conditions.

GMO

The application of manure and compost increases soil ______ capacity.

nutrient

The loss of ______ soil is a significant factor in reduced agricultural productivity.

top

The energy required to produce a unit of food is known as the energy ______.

subsidy

Industrialized agriculture occupies approximately ______% of the world’s cropland.

25

Free-range livestock systems produce meat that is free from ______ and hormones.

antibiotics

______ zones are areas in oceans where oxygen levels are too low to support life, often due to runoff.

Dead

The use of chemical fertilizers can result in nitrate contamination of ______ water.

drinking

The 10% rule explains that only ______% of energy is transferred between trophic levels.

10

The Green Revolution increased food production but also led to soil ______.

degradation

______ plowing creates level platforms on steep terrain to prevent erosion.

Terraced

The presence of ______ zones in water bodies is often caused by fertilizer runoff.

hypoxic

______ species are non-native and can outcompete local species, often due to disturbances.

Invasive

The overuse of antibiotics in feedlots can lead to ______ resistance in pathogens.

antibiotic

Agroecology focuses on sustainable farming by mimicking natural ______.

ecosystems

______ is the practice of raising fish and shellfish for food.

Aquaculture

Soil erosion can be minimized by planting ______ crops to cover the soil.

cover

Livestock waste is rich in ______ and phosphorus, contributing to water pollution.

nitrogen

The term for converting arid land into desert through poor practices is ______.

desertification

Large-scale fishing fleets often use ______ nets, which can result in bycatch.

drift

The increase in global food production since 1950 is primarily due to the ______ Revolution.

Green

Shelterbelts are rows of trees planted to reduce ______ erosion.

wind

______ agriculture integrates livestock, crops, and trees for sustainable production.

Integrated

______ is the study of soil, water, and crop management to increase agricultural productivity.

Agronomy

Genetic ______ can enhance crop resilience to environmental stressors.

engineering

Aquaculture systems that recirculate water internally reduce the risk of ______ contamination.

wastewater

The decline in ______ fish sizes is often attributed to overfishing.

mature

The leading crops in global food production are rice, wheat, and ______.

corn

______ farming combines traditional knowledge with modern techniques for sustainability.

Permaculture

The creation of ______ crops involves introducing genes from other organisms.

transgenic

Over-irrigation can lead to soil ______, reducing crop yields.

salinization

Integrated pest management aims to reduce pests with minimal use of ______.

chemicals

The overgrazing of rangelands contributes to reduced ______ productivity.

soil

Fossil fuels are heavily used in ______ farming practices for machinery and chemicals.

industrialized

Soil ______ is critical for sustaining agricultural yields.

conservation

Rotational grazing prevents ______ by allowing vegetation to recover.

overgrazing

______ farming focuses on maintaining ecosystem balance while producing food.

Sustainable

Increased carbon sequestration in soils can be achieved through ______ farming practices.

regenerative

The depletion of the Aral Sea was caused by excessive ______ for agriculture.

irrigation

The primary cause of oceanic dead zones is excessive ______ runoff.

nutrient

______ farming produces food using methods that protect biodiversity and soil health.

Organic

Methane emissions from livestock contribute significantly to ______ change.

climate

Strip cropping can help reduce soil erosion by alternating rows of crops with ______.

cover vegetation