Chp. 11 Physical + Cog. Development Adolescence

adolescence

the developmental stage between childhood + adulthood

1) puberty

2) sex hormones

3) menarche

4) spermarche

1) period during which sexual organs mature

2) androgens (males) and estrogens (females)

3) onset of menstruation

4) first ejaculation, around 13

1) secular trend

2) primary sex characteristics

3) secondary sex characteristics

4) start puberty

1) pattern of change occurring over several generations

2) development of organs/structures that relate to reproduction (ovaries)

3) visual signs of sexual maturity not involving organs (armpit hair)

4) pituitary gland release hormones

early maturation (puberty)

1) boys

2) girls

1) more successful in sports, more popular, positive self-concept, difficulties in school

negative: anxiety, unhappiness + depression

2) changes make them feel uncomfy/different, ridicule from less mature, popularity may enhance self-concept

obesity

1/5 adolescents overweight, psychological + health consequences

1) myelination continually

2) prefrontal cortex

1) increases + makes transmission neural messages more efficient

2) more efficient w/ communication, impulse control, executive functioning, not fully developed until 25

late maturation

1) girls

2) boys

1) overlooked in dating, low social status, fewer emotional problems

2) less attractive, decline self-concept, insightfulness

1) key nutrients

2) internal clocks

1) calcium and iron

2) shifts, want to go to bed later and get up later, results in lower grades, depression, moody

1) formal operational stage

2) propositional thought

3) consequences of stage

1) ppl develop ability to think abstractly

2) reasoning that uses abstract logic in the absence of concrete examples - not everyone achieves

3) question parents/authority

info processing perspective

store of knowledge goes up as material exposed to and memory capacity gets more/bigger

metacognition

knowledge that people have abt their own thinking processes + monitor their cognition

1) adolescent egocentrism

2) imaginary audience

3) personal fables

1) state of self-absorption, world viewed as focused on self

2) belief that one is center of everyone’s concern + attention

3) egocentric belief that ones experiences are unique

1) binge drinking

2) false consensus effect

3) AIDs

1) for men 5, for women 4

2) assumption that everyone’s doing something

3) one of leading causes death in young around world