American History PT II: 2 Industrialization and Urbanization

What role did public schools play in the Americanization Movement?

They taught English and civic values to immigrant children

The “Dumbbell” tenement design was intended to:

Provide better air and light through inner air shafts

Thomas Edison’s Menlo Park laboratory is most associated with which of the following developments?

The commercial electric light system

What reform resulted from the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?

New fire codes and labor protections

The term “melting pot” refers to which idea about immigration?

All cultures blend into a unified American identity

What policy did the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 establish?

Banned most Chinese immigration and denied naturalization

How did increased literacy rates influence urban culture?

They increased demand for newspapers and fiction

The Sherman Antitrust Act was passed in 1890 to address what issue?

Corporate monopolies and anticompetitive behavior

What was the key difference between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?

The Knights of Labor were inclusive of all workers, while the AFL focused on skilled labor

What was the main issue with tenement housing in New York City during the late 1800s?

Extreme overcrowding and lack of sanitation

What did “yellow journalism” aim to achieve in the 1890s?

Attract readers through sensational headlines and dramatic stories

The Haymarket Affair is most remembered for its impact on:

Public perception of labor unions and anarchists

What best describes the government’s response to major labor strikes in the late 1800s?

Support for business owners using federal troops

What impact did Andrew Carnegie’s Gospel of Wealth philosophy have on industrial leaders?

Promoted philanthropy as a responsibility of the rich

What trend led to the rise of ethnic neighborhoods in cities like New York and Chicago?

Chain migration and cultural preservation

The “Gentlemen’s Agreement” between the U.S. and Japan:

Restricted Japanese immigration through informal diplomatic means

The “Five Points” neighborhood in New York City was known for:

Severe overcrowding, poverty, and crime

What is one reason why many immigrants supported political machines?

They provided immediate practical help like jobs and housing

What was the main cause of the Homestead Strike of 1892?

Wage cuts and anti union tactics at Carnegie Steel 

What did the Pullman Strike and the federal response to it illustrate?

The government's tendency to side with business during labor disputes

Why did reformers criticize political bosses like Boss Tweed?

He embezzled public funds for personal and political gain

What was a key goal of Frederick Taylor’s system of “scientific management”?

Increase efficiency and control over industrial labor

What metaphor describes the idea that immigrant groups retain their individual identities within American society?

Salad bowl

What best describes Jacob Riis’s contribution to Progressive Era reform?

He exposed poor housing conditions through photography and writing

Which innovation most enabled Henry Ford to lower the cost of automobiles for average Americans?

The moving assembly line

Settlement houses like Hull House were founded to:

Offer social services and education to immigrants

What made J.P. Morgan’s banking influence particularly important during this period?

He financed major industrial consolidations and stabilized markets

Which of the following was a typical strategy used by business owners to suppress unions?

Lockouts and blacklists

Political machines like Tammany Hall maintained power by:

Exchanging jobs and services for votes

What was one key difference between “old” and “new” immigrants in the late 19th century?

"New" immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe

What was the primary goal of Samuel Gompers and the AFL?

Secure better wages, hours, and working conditions through negotiation

What made the railroad industry the first “big business” in the United States?

Its size, need for capital, and national integration

Which strategy did trusts like Standard Oil use to eliminate competition in the late 19th century?

Horizontal integration

Why did labor unions like the AFL avoid political radicalism during this era?

They focused on practical gains like wages and hours