Quiz 1

About 50 million (21.6%) Americans experienced and sought…

…treatment for mental health symptoms in 2021

Causes

• Multiple factors lead to disorders

• One factor can present itself differently in different people

Ex; stress can produce anxiety, depression, phobias, etc in different people

Psychological Factors

Extreme guilt, remorse, fear, etc can cause neuroses

Cultural Factors

• Seen throughout a particular culture

Ex; eating disorders only found in developed nations

Sociocultural Factors

• You may come from a family where it is seen as weak to ask for help or display emotion, therefore becoming overwhelmed with emotions

Biological Factors

• Disorders like schizophrenia much more clear cut here

Ex; low levels of dopamine contribute to feelings of depression

Abnormal Bx

People who can be classified as having a mental disorder must have at least one of three aspects to be a disorder

1. The person may suffer from discomfort more or less continuously (long periods of depression)

2. The person may behave in a bizarre fashion (upset over minor things)

3. The person may be very inefficient (unable to perform life roles properly)

The DSM-5 (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition)

• A book published by the APA that classifies symptom

• Constantly being revised, different disorders come in and out

Neurodevelopmental Disorders (Disorders of Childhood)

• Onset in childhood, characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning

Ex; intellectual disabilities, communication disorders, autism, specific learning disorders, etc

Somatoform Disorders

• Psychological issues are expressed in bodily symptoms with the absence of any real physical problems

Ex; illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder, somatic symptom disorder, etc

Feeding and Eating Disorders

• Characterized by persistent disturbance of eating and eating-related behavior that results in the altered consumption of absorption of food

Ex; pica, anorexia, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, etc

Anxiety Disorder

• Characterized by excessive fear and anxiety

Ex; separation anxiety, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, PTSD, etc

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

• Body Dysmorphic Disorder

• Hoarding

Dissociative Disorders

• Memory of a part of ones life become disconnected from other parts

Ex; amnesia, fugue, dissociative identity disorder, etc

Mood Disorders

• Characterized by extreme, prolonged emotional states

Ex; mania, bipolar disorder, suicidal tendencies, etc

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

• Involve disorganized thought processes, hallucinations, delusions, and major problems with emotional responses

Ex; though disorder, hallucinating, delusion, schizophrenia, etc

Personality Disorders

• A person exihibits a peculiar or unpleasant personality

• Typically afflicts others more than themselves

Ex; avoidant, narcissistic, borderline, antisocial, etc

Psychologists

• Couseling: deal with people who do not fit into a classification of disorder

Ex; divorce, death in the family, etc

• Clinical: deal with people who fit into a classifcation of disorder

Ex; OCD patients

Psychiatrists

Medical doctors who can prescribe medication

Psychotherapy

• Pyschoanalysis: analyze the psyche through the unconscious

• Free Association: uses the stream of consciousness to say whatever comes to mind; the longer you talk the more that will come out

• Transference: transfer emotional conflicts to therapist

• Dream Analysis

• Hypnosis