50 prac

Although we often assume that our sense organs are reporting a complete picture of the world to our brains, in fact the world is full of stimuli (very low frequency sound, cosmic rays, electrical fields, etc.) that our sense organs cannot detect. This situation is best characterized as a failure of our sense organs to do what to these stimuli?

transduce

You look all over for your glasses and then find them pushed back onto your forehead. This error could be attributed to __________.

sensory adaptation

A fish detects vibrations in the water around it by means of its lateral lines, rows of sensory receptors along each side of the body. Based on what you know about sensory receptors, the lateral line receptors are probably which of the following?

mechanoreceptors

we wait too long between meals, our blood glucose levels drop. Which receptors will respond to this decrease in blood glucose

chemoreceptors

Which of the following classes of sensory receptors consists of neurons with naked dendrites?

nociceptors

The round window is found ______

in the cochlea

Organs in the inner ear of mammals are the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibule. Match them to their functions

cochlea, hearing
semicircular canals, equilibrium
saccule, equilibrium
utricle, equilibrium

Sitting too close to the amplifiers at a concert may _____

damage the hair cells in the ears

The brain determines the loudness of a sound from the ______

rate of nerve impulses received

If the basilar membranes in the ears were equal in width and flexibility along their length, how would this affect a person's sense of hearing

The person could not distinguish different pitches.

A person born without otoliths in the ears would be ___

unable to determine the position of the head with respect to gravity

In the vertebrate eye, the __________ focuses light on the photoreceptors.

lens

Compound eyes are advantageous for small prey species to detect a potential predator because ____

they permit sensitive motion detection

Which of the following correctly traces the path of light into your eyes?

cornea, pupil, lens, retina

What is the fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye

aqueous humor

Correct focusing of the image on the retina in humans is achieved by changing the ______

shape of the lens of the eye

When you move an object from 15 inches in front of your eyes to 10 inches in front of your eyes, the lenses _____

become more rounded

Incapacitating the muscles of a mammalian eye would result in an inability __________

to focus light onto the retina

A baby is born with the normal number and distribution of rods but no cones. What would we expect the baby to be?

completely color-blind

While driving your car at night, you notice that you have poor peripheral vision. You might suspect this problem to be associated with which part(s) of the eye?

rods

The greatest concentration of cone receptors is found at the _______

fovea

The body uses the vitamin A precursors from some foods to make a substance called retinal, which _______

is a visual pigment that absorbs light

Which of the following occurs when you move from a bright area into a darkened room?

The iris dilates, increasing the size of the pupil.

A human born with nonfunctional rhodopsin would __________

be unable to see in dim light

Difficulty in distinguishing red from green is most likely due to a defect in which cells?

cone cells

Which choice below is the correct order of the neural pathways that light travels after hitting the retina?

photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

Some sensory processing occurs within the retina of the vertebrate eye. In one type of retinal processing, a horizontal cell that receives input from a stimulated rod or cone then inhibits surrounding photoreceptors and bipolar cells. This type of processing is called __________.

lateral inhibition

Taste and smell are two distinct senses in animals living in terrestrial environments. Animals living in aquatic environments, however, have no distinction between taste and smell. Which response might explain this difference

The equivalent of air in the terrestrial environment does not exist in an aqueous environment.

Which of the following statements is correct?

The receptors in human taste buds are responsible for recognizing five types of tastants.

Which statement about muscle contraction is correct?

Neither thin nor thick filaments change in size, although the area of overlap between them increases.

What do all muscle tissues have in common

Calcium must enter the cytosol before contraction can occur.

What type of muscle is striated with intercalated disks?

cardiac muscle

Why is having a hydrostatic skeleton rather than an internal skeleton advantageous to an earthworm

Having a hydrostatic skeleton allows the earthworm to use peristaltic motion to move over the substrate.

Locomotion requires that an animal expend energy to overcome ____

friction and gravity

When comparing the different styles and adaptations of each major type of locomotion, what is the most energy-efficient mode of locomotion

swimming