FNP Certification Prep Pulmonary Disorders Flashcards

Essential vocabulary and diagnostic criteria for FNP board preparation focusing on pulmonary disorders including CAP, COPD, asthma, and lung cancer screening.

SNOUT

A memory aid meaning a highly sensitive test, when negative, helps rule out disease.

SPIN

A memory aid meaning a highly specific test, when positive, helps rule in disease.

CURB-65

A clinical tool used to estimate CAP mortality risk using Confusion, BUN > $19\,mg/dL$, Respiratory rate $\\ge 30/min$, Blood pressure (SBP < $90$ or DBP < $60\,mm\,Hg$), and Age $\\ge 65$.

Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

Pneumonia acquired outside the hospital setting, often presenting with a lobar infiltrate on chest radiograph.

Amoxicillin

A first-line best evidence therapy for healthy outpatient adults with CAP and no comorbidities, dosed at $1\,g$ three times daily.

Doxycycline

A preferred alternative for CAP in patients with penicillin allergy (hives) or as a conditional alternative for healthy outpatients at $100\,mg$ twice daily.

Respiratory fluoroquinolones

Antibiotics including levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gemifloxacin used for CAP with comorbidities.

Fluoroquinolone Absolute Contraindications

Includes pregnancy, prolonged QT interval, $CrCl$ under $10\,mL/min$, and G6PD deficiency.

Standard CAP antibiotic duration

Commonly $5$ to $7$ days when the patient is clinically improving and afebrile for at least $48$ hours.

PCV20

An option for pneumococcal vaccination given as a single dose if no prior vaccine is documented.

COPD

A heterogeneous condition with chronic symptoms and persistent progressive airflow obstruction.

Chronic Bronchitis

An airway abnormality clinical definition involving chronic productive cough for more than $3$ months for $2$ consecutive years.

Emphysema

An alveolar abnormality in COPD commonly described as alveolar destruction.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

A genetic risk factor for COPD.

FEV1

The volume of air forcefully exhaled in $1$ second.

FVC

The total amount of air exhaled in one breath (forced vital capacity).

COPD diagnostic threshold

A post-bronchodilator $FEV_1/FVC$ ratio of less than $0.7$.

GOLD Group E

A COPD classification defined by at least $2$ exacerbations per year or at least $1$ exacerbation requiring hospitalization.

mMRC Grade 4

A dyspnea scale grade where the patient is too breathless to leave the house or breathless when dressing.

SABA onset

Short-acting beta-agonists (like albuterol and levalbuterol) have an onset in less than $5$ minutes.

Formoterol

A long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) with a quick onset that lasts about $12$ hours.

LAMA

Long-acting antimuscarinic antagonists, such as tiotropium, aclidinium, umeclidinium, and glycopyrrolate, which have strong efficacy for reducing COPD exacerbations.

Systemic steroid regimen for COPD exacerbation

Prednisone $40\,mg/day$ for $5$ days.

Asthma Spirometry Confirmation

Demonstrated by reversible airflow limitation with $12$ to $15\%\,\text{improvement}$ in $FEV_1$ after SABA administration.

SMART Therapy

Single Maintenance and Reliever Therapy using a combined ICS-formoterol inhaler.

Lung Cancer Screening Criteria

Healthy adults age $50$ to $80$ with a $20\,\text{pack-year}$ history and who currently smoke or quit within the past $15$ years.

Low-dose Computed Tomography (LDCT)

The standard screening test for lung cancer, generally performed annually.

Secondary Prevention

The category of prevention that includes lung cancer screening.