history test slavery and reform troubled times

The Second Great Awakening occurred in the ____ century; the ideas of this time period encouraged many people to _____.

19th, do good works

The First Great Awakening occurred in the ____ century; the ideas of this time period had a great impact on the ____.

18th, American Revolution

Ralph Waldo Emerson, a leader of _____, believed that all people had unlimited potential.

Transcendentalism

Emerson and his followers thought it was important to question _____ and to not conform to the expectations of others.

society

Thoreau protested paying a tax because part of the money was used to pay for the _____ and to enforce slavery laws.

Mexican-American War

Thoreau was probably most famous for his book, ______, which was about his time living in the woods and applying transcendental principles.

Walden

The community at _____ was established by George Ripley; inhabitants cooperated by sharing the labor and working to become self-sufficient.

Brook Farm

When _____ taught at a women's prison, she became very concerned after finding out more about how inmates were treated; She was especially shocked by the treatment of the _____.

Dorothea Dix, mentally ill

Lawmakers in Massachusetts were so shocked by reports of the conditions of ____ that they immediately voted to create public asylums and stopped putting debtors in prison.

prisons

_____, the first president of Antioch College, was an advocate for improving the education system in America.

Horace Mann

During the early 1800s, most children had little education; by the 1850s, most white children were able to attend free _____.

public schools

Before the reforms to public education, most children _____.

didn't go to school

Although great progress was made in education, white __________ were usually not allowed to go to high school.

girls

In 1837, ____ College was the first coeducational college in the United States, admitting both men and women.

Oberlin

Groups of people called _____ questioned whether slavery should exist in the United States.

abolitionists

A white northerner named _____ started the Liberator newspaper to demand the immediate release of all slaves.

William Lloyd Garrison

William Lloyd Garrison brought former slave, __________, with him on speaking tours, so people could hear a former slave speak about what slavery was truly like.

Frederick Douglass

This same former slave later started an abolitionist newspaper and convinced others to speak up for ____’s rights at Seneca Falls.

women

Angelina and Sarah _____ were Quakers and _____ abolitionists.

Grimke, southern

Former slave, _____ , spoke against slavery, and was the first black person to successfully sue a white man in New York for illegally selling her son.

Sojourner Truth

Lucretia Mott and __________ met in London at the 1840 World Anti-_____ Convention.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Slavery

These women were barred from participating at the convention, so eight years later, they organized their own convention for __________ at __________.

women's rights, Seneca Falls

On July 19, 1848, convention organizers unveiled the Declaration of ______ which stated 'that all men and women are created equal.'

Sentiments

At the convention, when Elizabeth Cady Stanton suggested that women demand the right to vote, _____ thought that was going too far and that they should wait.

many women

_____, the first women in Massachusetts to earn a college degree, spoke out for women’s rights. At Oberlin College, she was asked to write a commencement speech, which only a man could read. She declined.

Lucy Stone

Lucy Stone would marry this woman's brother. This woman, ________, became the nation's first female doctor.

Elizabeth Blackwell

Activist, _____ , was only 19 during the women’s rights convention at __________; this person was about 90 years old when women finally earned the right to vote.

Charlotte Woodward, Seneca Falls

One way slaves showed quiet resistance to their servitude was __________.

breaking equipment, acting dumb, damaging crops, and stealing food

The two most common ways for slaves to escape slavery was to __________, or to take a ______ approach in open rebellion.

run away, violent

Denmark Vesey led a(n) __________.

unsuccessful rebellion

The revolt carried out by Turner was so _____ that southern states passed additional slave codes in response to what had happened.

terrifying

Because slaves were not legally allowed to marry, they developed the custom of __________, which symbolized the couples' marriage.

jumping the broom

Slaves rejected the spiritual teachings of their masters and instead would meet in __________ late at night to practice their form of Christianity.

hush harbors

__________ was the only time slaves really had to themselves; it was the only time they did not have to do work for masters.

Sunday

In general, slavery is an extreme example of the __________ of a race.

oppression

Black preachers often told the story of __________ to their congregations.

Moses

Outside of physical punishment, most slaves were terribly worried about being __________ from their families and loved ones.

sold away

Men/women who led slaves to freedom using the Underground Railroad were called __________.

Conductors

Moses was the nickname for __________ because he/she, like Moses, led hundreds of slaves out of slavery.

Harriet Tubman

Harriet __________ responded to her situation by creating story quilts about the slave experience.

Powers

Many former slaves who successfully escaped slavery had used the __________ to get to freedom.

Underground Railroad

In 1787, Congress created the __________ to give guidelines for how new states could be formed.

Northwest Ordinance

Some people questioned whether __________ should be a slave state because its borders were north of the spot where the Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers meet.

Missouri

These same people also started arguments over whether the __________ should have slave states or free states.

Louisiana Territory

James __________ proposed an amendment to a bill in 1819 that would allow Missouri to become a state, but only if it eventually became a __________ state.

Tallmadge, free

Because of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, Southerners believed that __________ didn’t have the right to decide if states were free or not, and that each should decide for itself.

Congress

This 1819 amendment passed in the __________ because the North had more votes there; the vote was split 50-50 in the __________.

House of Representatives, Senate

This impasse in Congress caused the South to threaten secession for the first time. Fortunately, __________, nicknamed 'The Great Compromiser' suggested a compromise that would settle tensions.

Henry Clay

This compromise was the Compromise of 1820, or better known as __________.

The Missouri Compromise

The Compromise of 1820 stipulated that __________ would become a slave state, and __________ would become a free state.

Missouri, Maine

The Compromise of 1820 also stipulated that any new states above the __________ line of latitude would become free, and any new states below that line of latitude would become slave.

36-30

The Northwest Ordinance banned slavery north of __________.

the Ohio River

__________’s novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin was inspired by a vision the author had while in church. Many northerners reacted by dedicating themselves to abolition.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Why did most settlers come to the Kansas territory?

They wanted cheap land to farm.

Why did Free Soilers want to make sure slavery did not spread into the territories?

They didn't want to compete against slave labor.

An 1854 bill, introduced to the Senate by __________, allowed settlers in Kansas-Nebraska territories to vote on whether to permit slavery.

Stephen Douglas

The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed white settlers to choose whether their land would have slaves or not. This is considered to be a form of __________ because it allowed citizens to decide if slavery would spread or not.

popular sovereignty

In addition, the Kansas-Nebraska Act essentially canceled the __________ because it allowed for the possibility of slavery above the 36-30 line of latitude.

Missouri Compromise

This 1854 message sent to the American Secretary of State by three American diplomats in Belgium encouraged President Pierce to seize Cuba by force.

The Ostend Manifesto

A time period called __________ included an event when __________ from Missouri attacked the anti-slavery city of Lawrence.

Bleeding Kansas, border ruffians

In response to this attack on Lawrence, __________ and his sons went to Pottawatomie and hacked pro-slavery people to death with __________.

John Brown, broadswords

Senator __________ delivered a controversial speech titled 'The Crime Against Kansas.'

Charles Sumner

This South Carolinian representative went into the Senate chamber and nearly beat Charles Sumner to death with his cane. The beating only stopped when the cane broke.

Preston Brooks

Supreme Court Chief Justice __________ expanded the Dred Scott case to include a question about whether the Missouri Compromise was __________.

Roger Taney, constitutional

The __________ Law was not successful because northerners refused to help enforce it and southerners believed it was not strict enough.

Fugitive Slave

Many __________ were concerned that the Compromise of 1850 forced them to be slave catchers.

Northerners

The Supreme Court under Roger Taney decided that no African American could be __________.

a United States citizen

The Supreme Court under Roger Taney decided that __________ could not bring a lawsuit to court because he was not a U.S. citizen.

Dred Scott

The Supreme Court under Roger Taney decided that Congress had no right to make laws about __________ in the U.S. territories.

slavery

__________ was declared unconstitutional because it could deprive people of their property, even if the property is a slave.

The Missouri Compromise

Many disagreed with the Dred Scott ruling and with the way the Court interpreted the __________ Amendment.

5th

__________, an abolitionist who led several armed groups into violent conflict during Bleeding Kansas, was also responsible for seizing the federal arsenal at __________ in 1859.

John Brown, Harpers Ferry

The __________ debates were a series of seven public debates about slavery.

Lincoln-Douglas

__________ defeated __________ in the 1858 Illinois Senate race.

Douglas, Lincoln

In the 1860 presidential election, Lincoln ran for president under the very young __________ party.

Republican

Once elected president, __________ stated that he wanted to support a slavery compromise.

Lincoln

Why did Lincoln say he was not interested in ending slavery in the southern states?

He believed that maintaining the Union was his number one priority.

Which was the first state to secede from the Union?

South Carolina

Although it was defended for over 30 hours, eventually __________ fell to attackers in __________.

Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor