VPHY 4

What is the purpose of the Respiratory system?

The airways that move air back and forth and the lungs with the airways in it

(Breathing) to move air into and out of the respiratory system

Ventilation (respiration)

Gas exchange consists of:

1)

2)

External respiration

Internal respiration

Gas exchange between air and capillaries in the lungs

External respiration

Gas exchange between systemic capillaries and tissues of the body

Internal respiration

How are oxygen and carbon dioxide used in the respiratory system?

Cellular respiration

The human airways branch __ times before terminating in the alveoli

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___________ zone

outside the lungs - nasal passages → pharynx → epiglottis → larynx (glottis)

inside the lungs - trachea (1) → bronchus (2) → bronchioles → terminal bronchiole

conducting

____________ zone

respiratory bronchioles → alveolar ducts → alveolar sacs → alveoli

respiratory

Airway passages

1)

2)

conducting zone

respiratory zone

Conducting zone pathway:

outside the lungs - nasal passages → pharynx → epiglottis → larynx (glottis)

inside the lungs - trachea (1) → bronchus (2) → bronchioles → terminal bronchiole

Respiratory zone pathway:

respiratory bronchioles → alveolar ducts → alveolar sacs → alveoli

Does diameter increase or decrease as you go deeper into the lungs/airways?

decrease

Does length increase or decrease as you go deeper into the lungs/airways?

decrease

Does total cross sectional area increase or decrease as you go deeper into the lungs/airways?

increases

epithelium that lines the airways get ________ as they go deeper into the lungs

thinner

Cartilage and goblet cells terminate at _________ ___________

terminal bronchioles

Conducting zone is made out of _________ _________ cells and ________ muscle

ciliated epithelial

smooth

_______ ______ present themselves all the way into the airways including the alveoli

elastic fibers

Functions of Conducting Zone

passage of ___

warming air to __ degrees celsius

____________ to 100%

________

immune surveillance

air

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humidification

filtration

What is the source of water vapor in conducting zone?

coming across (epithelial) cells

What does the mucociliary apparatus do?

remove particulates

Functions of Respiratory Zone

____ exchange

passage of ____

Immune surveillance

gas

air

What is the site of gas exchange?

alveoli

Alveolar wall is made up of

1)

2)

Type I alveolar cells

Type II alveolar cells

Alveolar wall

the major lining cells, accounts for 95-97% of total surface area; what gas diffuses through; very thin

Type I alveolar cells

Alveolar Wall

production of surfactants

Type II alveolar cells

Air blood barrier = __ micrometeres

~0.3

Are alveolars coated with capiliaries?

yes

Layers of respiratory membrane:

1) _____ layer with surfactant'

2) Type __ alveolar cell membranes

3) narrow interstitial space

4) capillary endothelial cell membranes

fluid

I