3-Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism I
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33 Terms
What type of energy is the energy associated with movement?
Kinetic Energy
What type of energy is stored energy that is available to do work?
Potential Energy
List 3 types of kinetic energy in biology.
Heat
Light
Mechanical
List 3 types of potential energy imoportant in biology.
Any 3 of these is fine:
Chemical Energy
Concentration Gradient
Electrical Gradient (Membrane Potential)
Electrochemical Gradient
What type of potential energy is the one that is contained within the covalent bonds of molecules?
chemical Energy
What term refers to a separation of charge across a membrane?
membrane potential
What is it called when there is a difference in the concentration of a substance between two areas?
a concentration gradient
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
Transfer or transformation of energy from one form to another increases the entropy or degree of disorder of a system
What type of reaction has a change in free energy that is less than zero?
An exergonic reaction.
What type of reaction has a change in free energy that is greater than zero?
An endergonic reaction.
What type of reaction releases energy?
An exergonic reaction.
What type of reaction requires the input of energy?
An endergonic reaction.
What type of reaction occurs spontaneously?
An exergonic reaction.
What type of reaction does not occur spontaneously?
An endergonic reaction.
In what type of reaction do the reactants have more free energy than the products?
An exergonic reaction.
In what type of reaction do the reactants have less free energy than the products?
An endergonic reaction.
What is it called when two reactions are linked and the energy released from one reaction provides the input of energy required for the other reaction?
A coupled reaction.
What is one way a cell gets an endergonic reaction to occur?
By coupling it to an exergonic reaction in a coupled reaction.
What specific reaction is the exergonic reaction in many coupled reactions?
The hydrolysis of ATP (ATP ---> ADP + Pi)
List 3 things the hyrdolysis of ATP is used for in a cell.
1. to provide the energy for endergonic reactions
2. to provide the energy for movement
3. to provide the energy for the transportation of substances against their concentration gradient
Is the following reaction exergonic or endergonic:
ADP + Pi ----> ATP
This reaction is endergonic. It requires the input of energy.
What is the name for a reaction in which there is a transfer of electrons?
An oxidation-reduction reaction
(Redox Reaction)
What is oxidation?
Oxidation is the loss of electrons.
What is reduction?
Reduction in the gain of electrons.
If a substance gains electrons, then you would say it has been ________________________.
Reduced
If a substance loses electrons, then you would say it has been _______________________.
Oxidized
What term collectivley describes the series of components that pass electrons to each other in a specific order?
An electron transport chain
How do enzymes increase the rate of a reaction?
By lowering the activation energy.
Are enzymes changed by the reaction that they catalyze?
No
What is the name of the region on an enzyme where the substrate binds?
The active site.
What is the name given to a reactant that the enzyme acts on?
The substrate.
Does an enzyme alter the change in free energy of a reaction?
No