le chatalier principle + Qc + Solubility

to get maximum amount of products…

dependent of reaction conditions

how can yield of product be changed

1. changing concentration of products/reactants in reaction vessels

2. changing the pressure (aka size of vessel)

3. change temp. More heat on the right = more reactants, vice versa

catalyst in the chatalier

only affects the rate at which equilibrium is reached, NOTTT composition

chatalier’s principle

placing a stress on an equilibrium causes the equilibrium to shift so as to reduce the stress

eg. N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

if more H added at equilibrium, system will react to reduce the change → decrease in reactants, increase in products

reaction quotient (Qc)

• calculated the same way as Kc, except Qc is not at equilibrium (uncertainty)

• once Qc calculated, it will show which way reaction will go; follows le chatalier

Qc=Kc

equilibrium

Qc > Kc

reaction go left

Qc < Kc

reaction go right

Qsp > Ksp

solution = super saturated. NOT at equilibrium → precipitate forms

Qsp = Ksp

solution = saturated, IS AT equilibrium. no changes visible

Qsp < Ksp

solution = unsaturated, NOT at equilibrium. More solute able to dissolve