NURS 120 Module 8 Chapter 12 Flashcards

A collection of 85 flashcards covering key terms related to blood and blood disorders.

Aplastic Anemia

Blood disorder characterized by a low red blood cell count; caused by destruction of myeloid tissue in the bone marrow.

Anticoagulant

Agent that opposes blood clotting.

Antigen

Substance that, when introduced into the body, causes formation of antibodies against it.

Basophil

White blood cell that stains readily with basic dyes.

Blood Doping

Reinfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) into an athlete before competition to increase performance.

Buffy Coat

Thin layer of white blood cells and platelets located between red blood cells and plasma in a centrifuged sample.

Carbaminohemoglobin (HbCO2)

The compound formed by the union of carbon dioxide with hemoglobin.

Cardiovascular System

Organ system that includes the heart and blood vessels.

Complete Blood Cell Count (CBC)

Clinical blood test that includes standard counts of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Embolism

Obstruction of a blood vessel by foreign matter carried in the bloodstream.

Embolus

A blood clot or other substance that is moving in the blood and may block a blood vessel.

Eosinophil

White blood cell that is readily stained by eosin.

Erythrocyte

Red blood cell.

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Hormone secreted to increase red blood cell production in response to oxygen deficiency.

Fibrin

Insoluble protein in clotted blood.

Fibrinogen

Soluble blood protein that is converted to insoluble fibrin during clotting.

Globulin

Type of plasma protein that includes antibodies.

Hematocrit (Hct)

Volume percentage of blood cells in whole blood.

Hematology

Study or medical treatment of blood and blood disorders.

Hematopoiesis

Blood cell formation.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

Iron-containing protein in red blood cells.

Hemolytic Anemia

Inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal types of hemoglobin.

Hemostasis

Stoppage of blood flow.

Heparin

Substance obtained from the liver; inhibits blood clotting.

Histamine

Inflammatory chemical.

INR (International Normalized Ratio)

Calculation used to standardize the results of anticoagulation testing.

Intrinsic Factor

Substance that binds to vitamin B12, protecting it from acids and enzymes in the stomach.

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Condition from inadequate iron levels leading to less hemoglobin production.

Leukemia

Blood cancer characterized by an increase in white blood cells.

Leukocyte

White blood cell.

Leukocytosis

Abnormally high white blood cell numbers in the blood.

Leukopenia

Abnormally low white blood cell numbers in the blood.

Lymphatic System

System that moves fluids and nutrients from tissues and digestive system to the blood.

Lymphocyte

Type of white blood cell.

Macrophage

Phagocytic cell in the immune system.

Monocyte

Phagocyte.

Neutrophil

White blood cell that stains readily with neutral dyes.

Oxyhemoglobin (HbO2)

Oxygenated form of hemoglobin.

Pernicious Anemia

Deficiency of red blood cells due to a lack of vitamin B12.

Phagocyte

White blood cell that engulfs and digests microbes.

Plasma

Liquid part of the blood.

Platelet

Blood cell fragment central to blood clotting.

Polycythemia

Excessive number of red blood cells.

Prothrombin

Protein necessary for blood clotting.

Prothrombin Activator

Protein formed by clotting factors that converts prothrombin to thrombin.

Prothrombin Time (PT)

Blood test determining the time for clot formation.

Red Blood Cell (RBC)

Disk-shaped blood cell filled with hemoglobin.

Rh System

Blood typing system identifying Rhesus antigens on red blood cells.

Rh-negative

Red blood cells that do not contain the Rh factor antigen.

RhoGAM

Injection given to prevent anti-Rh antibodies in Rh-negative pregnant women.

Rh-positive

Red blood cells that contain the Rh factor antigen.

Serum

Blood plasma minus clotting factors.

Sickle Cell Anemia

Hereditary disease caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin.

Sickle Cell Trait

Present when only one defective gene for hemoglobin is inherited.

Thrombin

Protein crucial for blood clotting.

Thrombocyte

Blood cell fragment also known as a platelet.

Thrombosis

Formation of a clot in a blood vessel.

Thrombus

Stationary blood clot.

Universal Donor

Blood type O-negative, which can be donated to any blood type.

Universal Recipient

Blood type AB-positive that can accept any blood type.

Vasoconstriction

Reduction in vessel diameter caused by muscular contraction.

White Blood Cell (WBC)

Type of unpigmented blood cell functioning in immunity.