CLP 4314 Health Psychology ch.1 vocab

life expectancy

The expected number of years of life that remain for a person of a given age

Chronic Diseases

Long-lasting diseases that can be controlled but not cured

COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2 virus

biopsychosocial model of health

The approach to health that includes biological, psychological, and social influences

biomedical model

A perspective that considers disease to result from exposure to a specific disease-causing organism

Pathogen

Any disease-causing organism.

biopsychosocial model

The approach to health that includes biological, psychological, and social influences

Behavioral medicine

An interdisciplinary field concerned with developing and integrating behavioral and biomedical sciences.

Health Psychology

A field of psychology that contributes to both behavioral medicine and behavioral health; the scientific study of behaviors that relate to health enhancement, disease prevention, and rehabilitation.

Clinical health psychologists

Health psychologists who provide clinical care

How have views of health changed?

Views of health are changing, both among health care professionals and among the general public.

(1)

the changing pattern of disease and death in the United States from infectious diseases to chronic diseases,

(2)

the increase in medical costs,

(3)

the growing acceptance of a view of health that includes not only the absence of disease but also the presence of positive well-being, and

(4)

the biopsychosocial model of health that departs from the traditional biomedical and psychosomatic models by including not only biochemical abnormalities but also psychological and social conditions.

How did psychology become involved in health care?

Psychology has been involved in health almost from the beginning of the 20th century. During those early years, however, only a few psychologists worked in medical settings, and most were not considered full partners with physicians. Psychosomatic medicine highlighted psychological explanations of certain somatic diseases, emphasizing the role of emotions in the development of disease. By the early 1970s, psychology and other behavioral sciences began to play a role in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and in the promotion of positive health, giving rise to two new fields: behavioral medicine and health psychology.

Behavioral medicine is an interdisciplinary field concerned with applying the knowledge and techniques of behavioral science to the maintenance of physical health and to prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Behavioral medicine, which is not a branch of psychology, overlaps with health psychology, a division within the field of psychology. Health psychology uses the science of psychology to enhance health, prevent and treat disease, identify risk factors, improve the health care system, and shape public opinion regarding health.

What type of training do health psychologists receive, and what kinds of work do they do?

Health psychologists receive doctoral-level training in psychology and often receive at least two years of postdoctoral work in a specialized area of health psychology.

Health psychologists are employed in a variety of settings, including universities, hospitals, clinics, private practice, and health maintenance organizations. Clinical health psychologists provide services, often as part of a health care team. Health psychologists who are researchers typically collaborate with others, sometimes as part of a multidisciplinary team, to conduct research on behaviors related to the development of disease or to evaluate the effectiveness of new treatments.

approach to health that psychological and emotional factors contribute to physical health problems

psychosomatic medicine

relatively short-lasting disorder that is contagious and caused by a pathogen

infectious disease

testing for a disease or condition or for a predisposition for a disease or condition

screening

death of an infant before their first birthday

infant mortality

number of years a person of a given age can predict they will live

life expectancy

treatment for a disease

remedial treatment

Which of these groups has the shortest average lifespan?

African Americans

What is true of the field of health psychology?

NOT b. Health psychology is at its most basic level a research-based branch of psychology.

Which of the following cultural views of health would be most compatible with that of ancient Roman physician Galen?

a. That of late 19th-century German physician Rudolf Virchow

What is most accurate about recent statistics on death rates relative to education?

a. Adults with college diplomas die at less half the rate as those without high school diplomas.

What statement is true of COVID-19 in 2020?

a. It was a leading cause of mortality in the United States.

Health psychology is

b. a discipline within psychology related to health.

During the past 30 years, death rate from heart disease in the United States has declined. At the same time,

c. medical care expenses have increased.

Of the following people, who is exposed to the most health risk?

b. Leah, a European American who is housing insecure

In the United States, young people have a low mortality rate; those who die are most likely to die from

NOT violence

For which of the following ethnic groups is Alzheimer's disease a less common cause of death than for the others?

NOT b. Asian Americans

Dr. Sylvus spends part of the time administering psychological assessments, and the rest doing therapy with patients who have chronic illnesses. Dr. Abed designs and administers behavior modification programs to help patients manage chronic pain. Dr. Alvarez teaches people behaviors to promote health and prevent illness. Dr. Paulson delivers behavioral training to help patients follow their treatment protocols. Which of these people is most likely to work in a medical facility?

c. Dr. Sylvus

Cade attributes catching a "cold" to not getting enough sleep and feelings of distress. Thus, Cade has an implicit acceptance of the ____

d. biopsychosocial model of health.

The association between income level and health _____.

d. exists throughout the range of incomes, even at higher levels of income

Which of the following are Americans aged 15 to 24 the most likely to die from?

d. Unintentional injuries

The single most important contributor to an increase in life expectancy is

b. the decrease in the infant mortality rate.

An inverse relationship exists between educational level and death rates, which means that

a. people who attend college live longer than those who have never attended college.

Carla is a pregnant teenager with an income below the federal poverty threshold. What is true about associated health risks to her and/or her baby?

d. Her baby is more likely to have a low birth weight, raising its mortality risk.

During the first few years of the 21st century, deaths from some chronic diseases in the United States

a. began to decrease, while deaths not due to unhealthy lifestyles and behaviors began to increase.

Psychosomatic medicine sees physical illnesses as

d. including emotional and psychological factors.

All of the following are factors in life expectancy EXCEPT:

d. mother's personality