biology

What does MR H GREN stand for?

Movement, Response to Stimuli, Homeostasis, Metabolism, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition

What is movement?

The ability to move the whole body or parts of the body.

What is response to stimuli?

Reacting to changes in the environment.

What is homeostasis?

Keeping internal conditions stable.

What is metabolism?

All chemical reactions in the body.

What is growth?

An increase in size or number of cells.

What is reproduction?

Producing offspring.

What is excretion?

Removing waste products.

What is nutrition?

Taking in food and nutrients for energy and growth.

What is a unicellular organism?

An organism made of one cell that carries out all life functions.

Give an example of a unicellular organism.

Bacteria.

What is a multicellular organism?

An organism made of many cells with specialised jobs.

Give an example of a multicellular organism.

Humans and plants.

How did microscopes help biology?

They allowed scientists to see cells and microorganisms.

State Cell Theory.

1. All living things are made of cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of life. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

What does a light microscope use?

Light.

What does an electron microscope use?

Electrons.

Which microscope has higher magnification?

Electron microscope.

Can living cells be viewed with a light microscope?

Yes.

Can living cells be viewed with an electron microscope?

No, the cells must be dead.

Which microscope provides more detail?

Electron microscope.

How should a microscope be carried?

With two hands.

What magnification should you start with on a microscope?

Low magnification.

Why should focus knobs be used carefully?

To avoid damaging the slide or microscope.

What should be used to clean microscope lenses?

Lens-cleaning materials only.

Should microscope lenses be touched with fingers?

No.

What are the rules for scientific drawings?

Use pencil, draw large and clear, use single lines, label with ruler lines, no shading, add a title.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Site of most chemical reactions and supports organelles.

What is the function of ribosomes?

Make proteins.

What is the function of the nucleus?

Controls cell activities and contains DNA.

What is the function of mitochondria?

Site of respiration and releases energy from food.

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Site of photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll.

What is the function of the vacuole?

Stores water, nutrients and wastes.

What is the function of the cell wall?

Supports, protects and maintains cell shape.

Which structures are found in plant cells but not animal cells?

Cell wall and chloroplasts.

Which type of cell has a large vacuole?

Plant cell.

Which type of cell usually has a fixed shape?

Plant cell.

What structures do plant and animal cells both have?

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes and mitochondria.

What is diffusion?

Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration.

Give an example of diffusion.

Perfume smell spreading through a room.

What is osmosis?

Movement of water through a partially permeable membrane from high water concentration to low water concentration.

Give an example of osmosis.

Water moving into plant roots.

What does diffusion move?

Any particles.

What does osmosis move?

Water only.

Does diffusion require a membrane?

No.

Does osmosis require a partially permeable membrane?

Yes.

What is a turgid cell?

A plant cell full of water with the membrane pushing against the wall.

Why is a turgid cell important?

It keeps the plant firm.

What is a flaccid cell?

A cell that has lost some water and becomes limp.