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packet
A small piece of a larger message sent across a network.
router
A device that forwards packets toward their destination.
link layer
The layer that handles communication across a single physical connection such as Wi
internetwork layer
The layer that moves packets across multiple networks; IP works here.
IP address
A numeric address used to identify a device on a network.
IPv4
The older address system that looks like 192.168.1.8.
IPv6
The newer address system created partly because IPv4 addresses are limited.
DNS
Domain Name System; translates domain names into IP addresses.
domain name
A human-readable web address such as google.com
transport layer
The layer that helps applications communicate more reliably.
TCP
A transport-layer protocol that supports reliable delivery.
port
A number used to direct data to a specific application or service.
client
A program or device that requests a service.
server
A program or device that provides a service.
protocol
A set of agreed-upon rules for communication.
HTTP
HyperText Transfer Protocol; used for web communication.
GET request
An HTTP request asking for a resource from a server.
header
Information at the start of an HTTP response before the actual content.
socket
A programming interface that allows two programs to communicate over a network.
urllib
A Python library that can retrieve data from the web.