M6: Microbiology, Parasitology, and Public Health - Bacteriology - Part 6 - Gram Stain Limitations

Smallest free living organism which is pleomorphic and has no cell wall.

a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

b. Ureplasma urealyticum

c. Chlamydia

d. Legionella pneumophila

e. Rickettsia

a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Identified in Diene's stain as fried egg colonies.

a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

b. Ureplasma urealyticum

c. Chlamydia

d. Legionella pneumophila

e. Rickettsia

a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Causes atypical pneumonia or walking pneumonia which include mild symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea.

a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

b. Ureplasma urealyticum

c. Chlamydia

d. Legionella pneumophila

e. Rickettsia

a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Treatment for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

a. Macrolides

b. Doxycycline

c. Tetracycline

d. Chloramphenicol

a. Macrolides

Causes non-gonococcal urethritis in males, salpingitis and post-partum fever in females, and also associated with lung disease in premature infants of low birth weight.

a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

b. Ureplasma urealyticum

c. Chlamydia

d. Legionella pneumophila

e. Rickettsia

b. Ureplasma urealyticum

Obligate intracellular parasite which has differnt forms such as elementary body, extracellular, metabolically inert, infective form, reticulate body and intracellular reproductive form.

a. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

b. Ureplasma urealyticum

c. Chlamydia

d. Legionella pneumophila

e. Rickettsia

c. Chlamydia

Can cause neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis, adult inclusion conjunctivitis, and chronic follicular conjunctivitis.

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

b. Chlamydia pneumoniae

c. Chlamydia psittaci

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

Can cause male genital infection manifested as penile discharge, dysuria, urethritis, asymptomatic infection in females, and self-limited genital ulcer characterized as swelling of inguinal lymph nodes known as lymphogranuloma venerum.

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

b. Chlamydia pneumoniae

c. Chlamydia psittaci

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

Formerly known as Taiwan acute respiratory (TWAR) agent which causes atypical pneumonia and is risk factor for atherosclerosis.

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

b. Chlamydia pneumoniae

c. Chlamydia psittaci

b. Chlamydia pneumoniae

Transmitted from inhalation from dried bird excrement.

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

b. Chlamydia pneumoniae

c. Chlamydia psittaci

c. Chlamydia psittaci

Can cause parrot fever.

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

b. Chlamydia pneumoniae

c. Chlamydia psittaci

c. Chlamydia psittaci

Treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis.

a. Doxycycline

b. Amoxicillin

c. Macrolides

d. Ampicillin

a. Doxycycline

Treatment for Chlamydia pneumoniae.

a. Doxycycline

b. Amoxicillin

c. Macrolides

d. Ampicillin

c. Macrolides

Treatment for Chlamydia psittaci.

a. Doxycycline

b. Amoxicillin

c. Macrolides

d. Ampicillin

c. Macrolides

Can cause atypical pneumonia.

a. Legionella

b. Chlamydia

c. Mycoplasma

d. a and b

e. All

e. All

May spread through air-conditioning units that use water cool air or any bodies of water.

a. Legionella pneumophila

b. Rickettsia rickettsi

c. Coxiella burnetti

d. Treponema pallidum

e. Leptospira interrogans

f. Borrelia burgdorferi

a. Legionella pneumophila

Can cause pontiac fever.

a. Legionella pneumophila

b. Rickettsia rickettsi

c. Coxiella burnetti

d. Treponema pallidum

e. Leptospira interrogans

f. Borrelia burgdorferi

a. Legionella pneumophila

Treatment for Legionella pneumophila infection.

a. Doxycycline

b. Amoxicillin

c. Macrolides

d. Ampicillin

c. Macrolides

Obligate intracellular parasite which is vector transmitted and diagnosed by Weil-Felix reaction.

a. Legionella

b. Rickettsia

c. Coxiella

d. Treponema

e. Leptospira

f. Borrelia

b. Rickettsia

Treatment for Rickettsia.

a. Doxycycline

b. Amoxicillin

c. Macrolides

d. Ampicillin, Gentamicin

e. Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol

e. Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol

Causes rocky mountain spotted fever and transmitted through tick.

a. Rickettsia rickettsi

b. Rickettsia akari

c. Rickettsia prowazekii

d. Rickettsia typhi

e. Orientia tsutsugamushi

a. Rickettsia rickettsi

Causes Rickettsial pox and transmitted through mite.

a. Rickettsia rickettsi

b. Rickettsia akari

c. Rickettsia prowazekii

d. Rickettsia typhi

e. Orientia tsutsugamushi

b. Rickettsia akari

Causes epidemic typhus and transmitted through louse.

a. Rickettsia rickettsi

b. Rickettsia akari

c. Rickettsia prowazekii

d. Rickettsia typhi

e. Orientia tsutsugamushi

c. Rickettsia prowazekii

Causes epidemic typhus and transmitted through flea.

a. Rickettsia rickettsi

b. Rickettsia akari

c. Rickettsia prowazekii

d. Rickettsia typhi

e. Orientia tsutsugamushi

d. Rickettsia typhi

Causes scrub typhus and transmitted through chigger mite.

a. Rickettsia rickettsi

b. Rickettsia akari

c. Rickettsia prowazekii

d. Rickettsia typhi

e. Orientia tsutsugamushi

e. Orientia tsutsugamushi

Previously under Rickettsia transmitted through ticks and causes Q fever.

a. Legionella pneumophila

b. Rickettsia rickettsi

c. Coxiella burnetti

d. Treponema pallidum

e. Leptospira interrogans

f. Borrelia burgdorferi

c. Coxiella burnetti

Treatment for Coxiella burnetti infection.

a. Doxycycline

b. Amoxicillin

c. Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin

d. Ampicillin, Gentamicin

e. Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol

c. Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin

Spirochetes:

a. Treponema

b. Leptospira

c. Borrelia

d. a and b

e. All

e. All

Has "coiled hair" appearance with axial filament for corkscrew movement and causes hard painless chancre.

a. Legionella pneumophila

b. Rickettsia rickettsi

c. Coxiella burnetti

d. Treponema pallidum

e. Leptospira interrogans

f. Borrelia burgdorferi

d. Treponema pallidum

Hard, painless chancre that is elf-limiting and diagnosed through dark field microscopy.

a. Primary Syphilis

b. Secondary Syphilis

c. Latent Syphilis

d. Tertiary Syphilis

e. Congenital Syphilis

a. Primary Syphilis

Condylomata lata or wart-like lesions on the genitals diagnose through serological testing.

a. Primary Syphilis

b. Secondary Syphilis

c. Latent Syphilis

d. Tertiary Syphilis

e. Congenital Syphilis

b. Secondary Syphilis

DOC for secondary syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum.

a. Doxycycline

b. Penicillin

c. Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin

d. Ampicillin, Gentamicin

e. Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol

b. Penicillin

Acquired during the 1st trimester of pregnancy which causes intrauterine death and congenital abnormalities characterized by Hutchinson's triad.

a. Primary Syphilis

b. Secondary Syphilis

c. Latent Syphilis

d. Tertiary Syphilis

e. Congenital Syphilis

e. Congenital Syphilis

Since this is treated with penicillin, this may cause Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.

a. Legionella pneumophila

b. Rickettsia rickettsi

c. Coxiella burnetti

d. Treponema pallidum

e. Leptospira interrogans

f. Borrelia burgdorferi

d. Treponema pallidum

Transmitted through mucous membrane or breaks in the skin coming in contact to water with infected urine of rodents, cats, dogs, humans.

a. Legionella pneumophila

b. Rickettsia rickettsi

c. Coxiella burnetti

d. Treponema pallidum

e. Leptospira interrogans

f. Borrelia burgdorferi

e. Leptospira interrogans

Causes Weil's disease which include meningitis, renal failure, liver failure wherein cause of death is pulmonary hemorrhage.

a. Legionella pneumophila

b. Rickettsia rickettsi

c. Coxiella burnetti

d. Treponema pallidum

e. Leptospira interrogans

f. Borrelia burgdorferi

e. Leptospira interrogans

Prophylaxis for leptospirosis.

a. Doxycycline

b. Penicillin

c. Ciprofloxacin

d. Ampicillin

e. Tetracycline

a. Doxycycline - 200mg OD for 3 to 5 days

Treatment for mild Leptospira infection.

a. Doxycycline

b. Penicillin

c. Ciprofloxacin

d. Ampicillin

e. Tetracycline

a. Doxycycline

Treatment for moderate to severe symptoms caused by Leptospira infection.

a. Doxycycline

b. Penicillin

c. Ciprofloxacin

d. Ampicillin

e. Tetracycline

b. Penicillin

Leptospirosis infection in the urine causing acute kidney clearance manifested with high creatinine, low CrCl and low GFR.

a. Leptospiremic

b. Leptospiuric

c. Both

d. None of these

b. Leptospiuric

Leptospirosis infection in the blood causing fever and calf tenderness.

a. Leptospiremic

b. Leptospiuric

c. Both

d. None of these

a. Leptospiremic

Weil's syndrome which is a severe leptospirosis.

a. Leptospiremic

b. Leptospiuric

c. Both

d. None of these

c. Both

Bacteria from Ixodes tick which causes Lyme's disease manifested as bull's eye rash, erythema chronicum migrans or expanding rash.

a. Legionella pneumophila

b. Rickettsia rickettsi

c. Coxiella burnetti

d. Treponema pallidum

e. Borrelia recurrentis

f. Borrelia burgdorferi

f. Borrelia burgdorferi

Biggest bacteria which infection is treated with doxycycline.

a. Legionella pneumophila

b. Rickettsia rickettsi

c. Coxiella burnetti

d. Treponema pallidum

e. Borrelia recurrentis

f. Borrelia burgdorferi

f. Borrelia burgdorferi

Causes relapsing fever or recurrent fever wherein endemic form is from tick bite (rodent host) and epidemic form is from body louse (human host).

a. Legionella pneumophila

b. Rickettsia rickettsi

c. Coxiella burnetti

d. Treponema pallidum

e. Borrelia recurrentis

f. Borrelia burgdorferi

e. Borrelia recurrentis

Aka Koch's bacillus which airborne and the #8 leading cause of morbidity in the Philippines.

a. Mycobacterium tubercolosis

b. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex

c. Mycobacterium leprae

a. Mycobacterium tubercolosis

Has tuberculin and mycolic acid which stimulates type IV hypersensitivity/ cell-mediated immunity causing damage to the body.

a. Mycobacterium tubercolosis

b. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex

c. Mycobacterium leprae

a. Mycobacterium tubercolosis

May be associated with Pott's disease when it infects the vertebral column.

a. Mycobacterium tubercolosis

b. Mycobacterium avium-intracellular complex

c. Mycobacterium leprae

a. Mycobacterium tubercolosis

Cultured in Lowenstein-Jensen medium and diagnosed through sputum microscopy, Tuberculin Skin Test (TST)/Purified Protein Derivative (PPD)/ Mantoux Test.

a. Mycobacterium tubercolosis

b. Mycobacterium avium-intracellular complex

c. Mycobacterium leprae

a. Mycobacterium tubercolosis

Extrapulmonary TB may include:

a. Tuberculosis meningitis

b. Pott's disease

c. Scrofula

d. a and b

e. All

e. All

Most common extrapulmonary TB.

a. Tuberculosis meningitis

b. Pott's disease

c. Scrofula

d. a and b

e. All

c. Scrofula

CNS tuberculosis.

a. Tuberculosis meningitis

b. Pott's disease

c. Scrofula

d. a and b

e. All

a. Tuberculosis meningitis

Vertebral column tuberculosis.

a. Tuberculosis meningitis

b. Pott's disease

c. Scrofula

d. a and b

e. All

b. Pott's disease

Important presentation of TB except:

a. Cough for 2 weeks or more

b. Hemoptysis

c. Weight loss

d. Night sweats and easy fatigability

e. Dyspnea and chest or back pain

f. None

f. None

Pillars of DOTS except:

a. Political commitment

b. Case detection

c. Treatment partners

d. Steady drug supply

e. Recording and evaluation

f. None

f. None

1st line agents for TB except

a. Isoniazid (H)

b. Rifampicin (R)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

d. Ethambutol (E)

e. None

e. None

Isonicotinylhydrazide which inhibit the mycolic acid synthesis.

a. Isoniazid (H)

b. Rifampicin (R)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

d. Ethambutol (E)

a. Isoniazid (H)

Inhibit DNA dependent RNA polymerase which is cidal with slowly dividing bacilli.

a. Isoniazid (H)

b. Rifampicin (R)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

d. Ethambutol (E)

b. Rifampicin (R)

Main side effect is red orange discoloration of urine.

a. Isoniazid (H)

b. Rifampicin (R)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

d. Ethambutol (E)

b. Rifampicin (R)

Has unknown MOA but is converted into pyrazinoic acid in acidic pH which has the activity.

a. Isoniazid (H)

b. Rifampicin (R)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

d. Ethambutol (E)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

Most hepatotoxic TB first line agent that causes hyperuricemia.

a. Isoniazid (H)

b. Rifampicin (R)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

d. Ethambutol (E)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

Added to make duration of treatment 6 months from 9 months.

a. Isoniazid (H)

b. Rifampicin (R)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

d. Ethambutol (E)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

Can be sterilizing agent.

a. Isoniazid (H)

b. Rifampicin (R)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

d. Ethambutol (E)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

The only non-hepatotoxic TB first line agent.

a. Isoniazid (H)

b. Rifampicin (R)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

d. Ethambutol (E)

d. Ethambutol (E)

Inhibits arabinogalactan synthesis which is a cell wall component.

a. Isoniazid (H)

b. Rifampicin (R)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

d. Ethambutol (E)

d. Ethambutol (E)

The only static first line agent for TB.

a. Isoniazid (H)

b. Rifampicin (R)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

d. Ethambutol (E)

d. Ethambutol (E)

Causes dose dependent retrobulbar neuritis which is red green blindness.

a. Isoniazid (H)

b. Rifampicin (R)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

d. Ethambutol (E)

d. Ethambutol (E)

2nd line agents for TB except:

a. Streptomycin

b. Fluoroquinolone

c. Polypeptide, Thionamides

d. Cycloserine

e. P-aminosalicylic acid

f. None

f. None

Only 1st line anti-TB agent that is parenteral.

a. Isoniazid (H)

b. Rifampicin (R)

c. Pyrazinamide (Z)

d. Ethambutol (E)

e. Streptomycin

e. Streptomycin

Resistant to one 1st line agent.

a. Monoresistant TB

b. Polydrug resistant TB

c. Multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB)

d. Extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB)

a. Monoresistant TB

Resistant to >1 1st line agent.

a. Monoresistant TB

b. Polydrug resistant TB

c. Multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB)

d. Extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB)

b. Polydrug resistant TB

Resistant to at least both HR.

a. Monoresistant TB

b. Polydrug resistant TB

c. Multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB)

d. Extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB)

c. Multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB)

Resistant to at least any fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside combined.

a. Monoresistant TB

b. Polydrug resistant TB

c. Multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB)

d. Extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB)

d. Extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB)

2 combined species which causes TB in AIDS patients (AIDS-defining illness: usually seen in patients with advanced HIV infection/ AIDS) and treated with Macrolides + Rifampicin and Ethambutol.

a. Mycobacterium tubercolosis

b. Mycobacterium avium-intracellular complex

c. Mycobacterium leprae

b. Mycobacterium avium-intracellular complex

Obligate intracellular parasite with predisposition to cooler parts of the body and is also known as Hansen's bacillus.

a. Mycobacterium tubercolosis

b. Mycobacterium avium-intracellular complex

c. Mycobacterium leprae

c. Mycobacterium leprae

Isolated in armadillo foot pad and transmitted through nasal discharge from untreated lepromatous leprosy patients.

a. Mycobacterium tubercolosis

b. Mycobacterium avium-intracellular complex

c. Mycobacterium leprae

c. Mycobacterium leprae

Strong cell-mediated immunity.

a. Tuberculoid leprosy

b. Lepromatous leprosy

a. Tuberculoid leprosy

Weak cell-mediated immunity.

a. Tuberculoid leprosy

b. Lepromatous leprosy

b. Lepromatous leprosy

Positive in lepromin skin test.

a. Tuberculoid leprosy

b. Lepromatous leprosy

a. Tuberculoid leprosy

Negative in lepromin skin test.

a. Tuberculoid leprosy

b. Lepromatous leprosy

b. Lepromatous leprosy

Low paucibacillary.

a. Tuberculoid leprosy

b. Lepromatous leprosy

a. Tuberculoid leprosy

High multibacillary

a. Tuberculoid leprosy

b. Lepromatous leprosy

b. Lepromatous leprosy

Hyposthetic hypopigmented skin lesions.

a. Tuberculoid leprosy

b. Lepromatous leprosy

a. Tuberculoid leprosy

Leonie facies, saddle nose, nodular skin lesions.

a. Tuberculoid leprosy

b. Lepromatous leprosy

b. Lepromatous leprosy

Treatment for lepromatous leprosy.

a. Rifampicin

b. Dapsone

c. Clofazimine

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All - Rifampicin + Dapsone + Clofazimine

Treatment for tuberculoid leprosy.

a. Rifampicin

b. Dapsone

c. Clofazimine

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

d. a and b - Rifampicin + Dapsone