Biology II Ch. 25 Classification Test Study Guide

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to the classification of living organisms as discussed in Chapter 25.

Taxonomy

The science of classifying living things.

As we move through the biological hierarchy from the kingdom to species level, organisms become moreGenus

Similar

Which scientist developed the system of classifying organisms by assigning them a genus and species name?

Carolus Linnaeus

The organism Canis familaris is a member of what genus?

Canidae

What is the species identifier for Quercus phellos?

Phellos

The red maple is also known as Acer rubrum. Its scientific name is

Acer Rubrum

Why is the scientific name of an organism the same for scientists all over the world. Explain.

They use Latin to keep it simple

An organism can have how many genus and species names?

One

In which language are scientific names written?

Latin

What is the correct order of the biological hierarchy from domain to species?

1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. phylum 4. Class 5. order 6. family 7. genus 8. species

What information is used in systematic taxonomy to classify organisms?

the characteristics they share, genetics, physical parts (skeleton) and body structures

A branching diagram like the one shown is called a

Cladogram

Refer to the illustration above. Each particular feature, such as dry skin, that is used to assign an organism to a group is called a

ancestral

Nearly all single-celled eukaryotes that are either heterotrophic or photosynthetic belong to the kingdom

Protista

Most multicellular autotrophs that have a nucleus and carry on photosynthesis belong to the kingdom

Plantae

An organism that breaks down organic matter, which it then absorbs, is in the kingdom

Fungi

The kingdom defined as including any eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi is the kingdom

Protista

What are 2 groups of organisms that are placed together by cladistics but are placed in separate groups by classical taxonomy?

birds and crocodile

Linnaeus’s two-word system for naming organisms is called

Binomial Nonmenclature

The largest division that a group of organisms can belong to is a

Domaine

Similar features that evolve through convergent evolution are called

Analogous structures

During Aristotle’s time, scientists divided all living organisms into___kingdoms

six

Four of the kingdoms include eukaryotes and the other two include

Prokayotes

What are the characteristics used to differentiate kingdoms?

body organization

Fungi is an example of which taxa?

Kingdom

Which one kingdoms contain both unicellular and hetertrophic organisms?

protista and fungi

List the domain that are prokaryotes.

Bacteria and Archaea

List the kingdoms that are eukaryotes.

Animalia, fungi, Plantae, Protista

Each kind of organism on Earth is assigned a unique two-word

Binomial nomenclature & scientific name

The first word of a scientific name indicates the ____to which the organism belongs

Genus

Refer to the illustration above. Label the each organism with its kingdom name.

1. Animalia (squid) 2. Plantae (tree) 3. Protista (Amoeba) 4. fungi (mushroom)

Any characteristic that a descendent has but their ancestor didn’t have is described as a____characteristic.

Derived

All living things are grouped into one of three

Domains

Traditionally, scientists have used differences in appearance and body___classify organisms.

structures

The evolutionary history of a species is called its

Phylogeny

Why might the use of common names to describe organisms sometimes cause confusion?

different languages change the name

ONE species evolves into two different species

Divergent

Two separate species in different areas evolve to look or behave in a similar manner

Convergent

TWO speices that have a partnership or symbiotic relationships evolves together to continue relationship

Coevolution

Share common ancestors but have different functions

Homologous structure

similar function but evolved not from a common ancestor

Analogous structure

features, behaviors, or genetic traits that have lost most or all of their original ancestral function

Vestigial Structure