Michigan CNA State Exam flash cards

Practice flashcards based on the Michigan CNA State Exam Study Guide covering test essentials, nursing skills, infection control, and safety protocols.

Under the Aging Process & Restorative Care category, what are considered normal aging changes?

Slower movement, fragile skin, decreased thirst, and mild memory lapses.

What is the primary focus of restorative care?

Maintaining or improving independence, range of motion (ROM), bladder training, and the use of assistive devices.

What is the normal oral temperature range for a resident?

$$97.8-99.1\,^{\circ}\text{F}$$

What are the normal ranges for pulse (P) and respirations (R)?

Pulse: $60-100\,\text{bpm}$; Respirations: $12-20/\text{min}$.

What are two critical safety precautions for residents using oxygen?

Maintain no smoking signs and avoid using petroleum-based products near oxygen (O$_2$).

What does the FAST acronym stand for in identifying a potential stroke?

Face droop, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, and Time to call for help.

What is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of infection?

Hand hygiene.

What is the correct general order for PPE removal (doffing)?

Gloves, eye protection, gown, and mask

In terms of residents' rights, when can restraints be applied?

Only when the least restrictive measures have failed and a physician order is required.

What is the correct procedure for documentation as a CNA?

Documentation must be objective, factual, timely, and HIPAA compliant.

What are the components of the fire safety acronym RACE?

Rescue, Alarm, Contain, and Extinguish/Evacuate.

What are the components of the fire extinguisher acronym PASS?

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep.

Where should a CNA walk when assisting a resident using a cane in their right hand?

On the right side, slightly behind the resident.

What is the gold standard for assessing a resident's pain?

Self-report (pain is what the resident says it is).

What is the correct way to calculate fluid output?

Measure all body fluids leaving the body, including urine, emesis, and wound drainage.

How should a CNA communicate with a resident who is hard of hearing?

Face the resident directly, speak clearly at a normal pace, and do not shout.

What observation regarding skin should be reported immediately?

Any new sacral redness that is non-blanchable, as it is an early sign of a pressure injury.

When measuring blood pressure, what are the requirements for the cuff?

It must be the correct size and placed on the bare upper arm.

What are the classic signs of hypoglycemia in a resident with diabetes?

Sweating, shakiness, and confusion.

What is the proper technique for wiping during perineal care for a female resident?

Front to back to prevent the spread of bacteria to the urinary area.

What is the CNA's responsibility regarding nail care for a diabetic resident?

Gently clean and report any problems; CNAs are not permitted to trim a diabetic resident's toenails.

When dressing a resident with right-sided weakness, which side is dressed first?

The weak side (the right side) is dressed first to avoid strain.

What is the appropriate first response if a resident begins to fall during ambulation?

Use a gait belt and slide the resident down your leg to the floor safely.

What is the priority when a bed alarm is sounding in a hallway?

Respond immediately to the bed alarm as it indicates a high fall risk.

What does trauma-informed care emphasize?

Safety, trust, empowerment, collaboration, and choice.