Head/Neck/Brain misc

CN I

olfactory

CN II

optic

CN III

oculomotor

CN IV

trochlear

CN V

Trigeminal

CN V1

ophthalmic division

CN V2

maxillary division

CN V3

mandibular division

CN VI

abducens

CN VII

facial

CN VIII

vestibulocochlear

CN IX

glossopharyngeal

CN X

vagus

CN XI

spinal accessory

CN XII

hypoglossal

What sits in the alveolar processes

teeth

Condylar process

articulates with temporal bone at TMJ

coronoid process

mandibular notch in between coronoid and condyloid processes

What runs through the optic canal

optic nerve with central retinal a

what runs through the superior orbital fissure

ophthalmic div, throchlear, oculomotor, abducens

what runs through the inferior orbital fissure

maxillary division to trigeminal n (CN V2 to lacrimal gland)

what happens with a blowout fracture

displaces the orbital walls, usually medial or inferior walls

Le fort fracture type 1

floating palate

le fort fracture type 2

floating maxilla

le fort fracture type 3

floating face

what makes up the bregmaq

coronal, sagittal, and squamous sutures

what forms the zygomatic arch

portions of zygomatic and temporal bones

what comes off of the temporal boneq

external acoustic meatus and mastoid process

what makes up the pterion

frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones

the pterion can lead to what regarding a fracture?

epidural hematoma

what runs through the foramen ovale

CN v3, CN IX (lessor petrosal n)

what runs through the foramen spinosum

middle meningeal a

what runs through carotid canal

interal carotid a

what runs through the jugular foramen

CNs IX, X, XI; internal jugular vein

what runs through the sylomastoid foramen

exit for terminal branch of CN VII

what runs through the foramen magnum

CN XI, R/L vertebral a, medulla/spinal cord

what divides the anterior and middle fossaeq

sphenoidal crests

what makes up the divisions between middle and posterior fossae

petrous ridges

what bones make up the anterior cranial fossa

frontal, ethmoid, lesser wing of sphenoid

what are the openings of the anterior cranial fossa

cribriform plate (CN I), ethmoidal foramina, frontal sinuses

What bones make up the middle cranial fossa

sphenoid bone (body and greater wing) and temporal bone

where does the pituitary gland rest

the sella turcica

what openings lie in the middle cranial fossa

optic canals, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum

where do the brainstem and cerebellum sit?

in the posterior cranial fossa

openings of the posterior cranial fossa

internal auditory meatus, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, foramen magnum

what is a fontanelle?

membranes at confluence of developing calvarial bones

what is the anterior fontanelle

at site of bregma, closes by 18 months

what is the posterior fontanelle

at site of lambda, closes by 12 months

what is the falx cerebri

dural reflection that separates right and left cerebral hemispheres

what is the falx cerebelli

separates right and left cerebellar hemispheres

what is the tentorium cerebelli

divides cranial cavity into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments

what does brain plasticity mean?

the brains ability to adapt and absorb information

what are hemispheres connected by?

the corpus callosum

what does the corpus callosum do

carries information between the two hemispheres

what is the central sulcus

divides frontal to parietal lobes

what is your frontal lobe responsible for?

control of voluntary movements, mental activity, personality insight, foresight, and reward

what is the premotor cortex for?

repetitive fine movements

what is broca’s aphasia

injury to left hemisphere, results in problems speaking

What side of the brain is responsible for body image and spatial orientations

the parietal lobe, especially right side

What is wernicke’s area responsible for?

language and reading skills, particulary comprehension

what is your temporal lobe responsible for?

auditory input, auditory memory integration

occipital lobe is for what?

visual cortex

what is the insular lobe for?

vestibular/hearing function, language, visceral sensations, emotional and limbic functions

what is the limbic lobe for?

memory and learning, drive related behavior, and emotional function

what is basal ganglia function

motor systems, initiating and coordinating movement, dopamine production

what is parkinson’s disease

not enough dopamine, can’t start or transition movements easily

what is huntington’s disease

excessive dopamine resulting in excessive movement

where is the cerebellum located

doral to brainstem, beneath occipital lobe, separated by tentorium cerebelli

functions of the cerebellum

maintains balance and posture, coordination of voluntary movements, motor learning

what are the three parts of the brainstem

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

what is the brainstem for?

basic functions of life, relay information between forebrain and cerebellum

what makes up the circle of willis

collateralization between 2 arterial systems

what are the two arterial systems

R/L internal carotid arteries, basilar artery (R/L vertebral arteries)

are most strokes ischemic or hemorrhagic

ischemic

what is an ischemia

a lack of o2 to tissue around brain

what are the results of an anterior cerebral a

bladder weakness, contralateral hemiplegia

what are the results of a brain in the middle cerebral a

contralateral hemiplegia

what is the most common artery affected by a stroke

middle cerebral a

what are the results of a stroke in a posterior cerebral a

contralateral homonymous humianopsia

what is multiple sclerosis

an autoimmune disease, disease of myelin of CNS

symptoms of multiple sclerosis

impulses slowed or stopped, problems with muscles, bowel/bladder, vision, speech, pain, depression

what is the glasgow coma scale

to assess, diagnosis, progression about the level of consciousness. higher score is better. checks eye openings, verbal response, motor response

the ranchos los amigos scale

measures awareness, cognition, behavior, and interaction with the environment

what is a mild TBI

forceful motion of the head or impact causing a brief change in mental status

what is coup vs countercoup

coup receives direct initial impact, countercoup is the secondary impact located opposite the site of direct impact

moderate brain injury is defined as what

loss of consciousness from 20mins to 6hrs, glasgow coma scale 9-12

severe brain injury is defined as what?

loss of consciousness of greater than 6hrs and a glasgow coma scale 3-8

what are the divisions of the pharynx

nasopharynx, oral pharynx, laryngopharynx

what is in the nasopharynx

pharyngeal (adenoid) tonsil and pharyngotympanic tube

what is in the oral pharynx

palantine tonsil

what is the laryngopharynx

piriform recess

what is the piriform recess a potential injury site for?q

recurrent laryngeal n

what happens to the pharynx at C6

pharynx continues as esophagus

what are the different tonsils

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids), tubal tonsils, palantine tonsils, lungual

what is a tonsil

masses of lymph tissue in mucosal lining of pharynx

what CN is vulnerable in a tonsillectomy

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

nerve supply of cervical esophagus

somatic motor and sensory from recurrent laryngeal n

nerve supply below cervical esophagus

parasympathetic (CN X), sympathetic (cervical sympathetic trunk via their splanchnic n)

what are the cartilages of the larynx

epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid

what is a cricothyrotomy

emergent airway through cricothyroid membrane