APUSH AMSCO Unit 7 (1890 - 1945)

Alaska Purshase

1867

Russia got control —> burden(Britain conflict) —> Will. Seward(S. of State bought) —> mistake

Overthrow Hawaii

1893

After sugar trade treaty 1875

Cleveland didn’t allow annex

McKinley annexed 1898

Imperialism / Anti

Economy - Industry, business, market, raw materials, farmers

Republican

Security - power competition, book about oversea power (economy too), Theo.

Social panic - no frontier fear, allow escape overseas, manifest destiny, Darwinism, Anglo-saxon/Christian supremacy

Caribbean, C. Amer., Pacific

Anti-Imperialism - self-determination, anti-supremacy, isolation, cost

Pan-American Diplomacy

Pan-American Conference 1889 - promote cooperation (trade)

Continued into Organization of American States 1948

Venezuela Boundary Dispute 1895 - vs. Britain, U.S. settled it, Britain got better deal —> good U.S/Britain relations, C. Amer. thankful

Spanish American War

1898

Jingoism - intense nationalism

Cuba want U.S. ally to kick out Spain (who had been crushing revolts)

yellow journalism - emotional, dramatic, pro-American journalism, often false

USS Maine exploded —> blamed on Spain —> McKinley sent troops to “end bloodshed, protect U.S. interests (business), protect trade, protect peace” —> Teller Amendment - no U.S. political control in Cuba

Philippines - Theodore Roosevelt(navy) used new military to attack Spain in Philippines

Hawaii annex

Cuba:

Voluntary forces died by disease

Rough Riders (Theodore) help conquer Cuba

Santiago Bay success

U.S. power worldwide increase

Treaty of Paris

U.S. got Guam and PR

U.S. took Philippines —> controversy —> Imperialists won —> U.S. fought Philippines

Anti-Imperialist League (William Jennings Bryan)

Insular Cases: constitution didn’t necessarily apply to colonies (islands)

Platt Amendment

Cuba constitution had to be accepted to get rid of troops

No treaties with anyone else

Can send military/naval bases

Election of 1900

McKinley (Theodore vice) won vs. Bryan

Open Door Policy

1899

John Hay

All countries should have equlal trade rights in China

Boxer Rebellion

Nationalism/Xenophobia increase in China

Chinese boxers murdered/rebelled against foreigners

Many countries help ccrush the rebellion —> John Hay still worried about open trade

Big Stick Diplomacy

Theodore Aggressive imperialism

Want Panama - had to violate Clayton-Bulwer Treaty —> Hay-Pauncefote Treaty = U.S. control

Navy threat backed Panama rebellion in Columbia —> U.S. got Canal Zone (returned 1999)

Britain forced Venezuela/DR to pay debt back - violated Monroe Doctrine

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine - only U.S. can interfere with Latin America and help outside countries get debt payment

Japan also imperialist at this time

Japan insulted by California discrimination —> Roosevelt stopped it in return for Japan preventing immigration

Theodore helped settle conflicts and wars around the world

Dollar Diplomacy

Taft for foreign financial investment

Wanted railroads in China

Moral Diplomacy

Wilson supposedly opposed imperialism

Jones Act gave autocracy to Philippines

Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens

Didn’t support dictator Huerta who took over Mexico democracy

Tampico Incident