Animal Coloration

Uses of Bioluminescence

Intraspecific Identification, Luring Prey, Mating, Crypsis

Biofluorescense

When an organism absorbs incoming wavelengths of light and re emits them as different wave lengths

Troglobytic

Cave-dwelling-Probably no eyes or fun colors:(

Bioluminescence

The production and emmision of light by a living organism through an internal chemical reaction.(Pigment=luciferan, oxidized by enzyme luciferase)

Why is water so awesome?

1. Hydrogen bonds make cohesion(tree roots)/surface tension

2. Hydrogen bonds also make good heat storage/evaporative cooling

3. Ice floats, warm ocean for fishies

4. Universal solvent(don’t tell claire I wrote that)

What are the four biologically significant molecules/what are they for?

1. Nucleic Acids: Make DNA

2. Lipids: Make hormones, fats, cell membranes

3. Proteins: Do everything

4. Carbs: Energy

reaction norms

lines on a graph, showing the range of all possible phenotypes produced by a single genotype across an environmental gradient

Mechanism for dynamic color change

aggregating (b) and dispersing (c) pigment granules in chromatophores to generate light and dark cell appearances, respectively

Exraoccular Photoreception

ability to detect light using body parts other than eyes

What are the four types of ecology we care about?

1. Population ecology(Intraspecific interactions)

2. Community Ecology(Interspecific interactions)

3. Organismal Ecology(abiotic +organisms)

4. Ecosystem Ecology (abiotic+community)

Activity Patterns in the Diehl Cycle

Diurnal

Nocturnal

Crepuskular

Cathemeral

The Pelagic Realm

All the open water in the oceans

Sensory Drive Hypothesis

Color signals are most effective in the environmental contexts

that best facilitate their perception by the signal-receiver

Sensitivity vs. Specificity

Sensitivity= stimuli of different intensities

Specificity= stimuli of different types

Cornea

Transparent Window at the front of the eye that light hits first

Iris

The pigmented part of the eye that gets light from the cornea

Pupil

Gets light from the iris which has muscles which regulate its size

Lens

disclike thing which gets light from the pupil and focuses it on the retina, flattens for stuff being far away.

Retina

in back of the eye, has rods and cones

Optic Nerve

Gets info from retina gives to brain

tapetum lucidum

reflects light back through the eye to increase the chance of exciting a photoreceptor, causing eye shine in nocturnal animals.

Poison vs. Toxin Vs. Venom

Poison: Something that hurts you, toxin: hurts you is produced by living organism, venom: toxin injected into a living organism

Batesian Mimicry

A harmless species immitates a harmful one

Mullerian Mimicry

Several toxic species converge on the same phenotype