AP US History Unit 7 Review Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary terms covering Unit 7 of AP US History, including Imperialism, the Progressive Era, both World Wars, the Great Depression, and the New Deal.

Imperialism

A period where the US sought to acquire other land to become a world global power, sparked by arguments regarding economics, power politics, a civilizing mission, and the closing of the frontier in $1890$.

Imperialist Arguments

Four main reasons for expansion: new markets/resources (economics), competing with European colonization (power politics), the belief that white Anglo-Saxon Protestants should uplift others (civilizing mission), and the conclusion of westward expansion.

Anti-Imperialist Arguments

Three main arguments: self-determination (imperialism contradicts US Republican ideals), racism (not wanting non-white people added to the US), and isolationism (focusing at home).

Yellow Journalism

A style of propaganda involving sensationalist reporting that grew during the lead-up to the Spanish-American War.

USS Maine

A US ship that exploded in a Cuban harbor; although the cause was unknown, US propaganda blamed Spain to incite war.

Treaty of Paris (1898)

The treaty ending the Spanish-American War in which Spain gave up Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the US for $ext{\$20 mission}$.

Emilio Aguinaldo

The leader of the Filipino nationalist movement who led a war against the US for independence.

Platt Amendment

A controlling amendment imposed by the US on Cuba that allowed for US occupation despite Cuba being technically independent.

Progressive Movement

A collection of movements responding to political corruption, social injustice, and economic inequality caused by industrial capitalism and urbanization.

Muckrakers

Journalists and writers who investigated and exposed wrongdoing, such as Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, and Jacob Riis.

Upton Sinclair

A muckraker who wrote "The Jungle," exposing disgusting conditions in the meatpacking industry and pushing for food regulations.

Ida Tarbell

A muckraker who investigated Standard Oil and exposed their illegal monopoly tactics.

Jacob Riis

A muckraker who published "How the Other Half Lives," using photography to expose horrid tenement housing conditions.

Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt's policy platform focused on reigning in corporations, protecting consumers, and conserving natural resources.

New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson's policy platform focused on restoring economic opportunity by breaking up monopolies, lowering tariffs, and reforming the banking system.

Preservationists vs. Conservationists

A split in environmental reform: preservationists wanted to protect nature for its own sake, while conservationists emphasized responsible long-term resource management.

Zimmerman Telegram

An encrypted message from Germany to Mexico intercepted by Britain in $1917$ that suggested an alliance against the US, leading to US entry into World War I.

American Expeditionary Forces

US soldiers sent to Europe during World War I whose role was relatively limited but helped tip the war in favor of the Allies.

Treaty of Versailles

The treaty that ended World War I, forced Germany to pay massive reparations, and included the creation of the League of Nations.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

WWI-era laws that criminalized anti-war speech and the use of disloyal language due to anxieties about disloyalty.

First Red Scare

A period after the $1917$ Russian Revolution characterized by a fear that communists, anarchists, and radicals were threatening the US.

Nativism

The belief that the interests of native-born Americans should be protected against immigrants, leading to laws like the $1924$ Immigration Act.

Great Migration

The mass movement of African Americans out of the rural South to Northern cities for high-paying industrial factory jobs.

Red Summer of 1919

A series of race riots where white mobs attacked black communities in dozens of US cities following the Great Migration.

Scientific Management

A theory by Frederick Taylor that prioritized production efficiency over everything else.

Harlem Renaissance

A surge of African-American culture, literature, and art in Harlem, NY, featuring figures like Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Louis Armstrong.

Modern American Liberalism

An ideology that emerged from the Great Depression calling for government responsibility for economic well-being, social insurance, and market regulation.

Three Rs

The core goals of FDR's New Deal: Relief (for the unemployed), Recovery (for the economy), and Reform (of financial systems).

Social Security Act

New Deal legislation that provided old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid for the disabled.

Bracero Program

A wartime program allowing Mexican laborers to work temporarily in US agriculture and railroad jobs.

Executive Order 9066

An order issued by FDR during World War II that forced around $120000$ Japanese Americans into internment camps.

D-Day

The Allied invasion of northern France on June $6$, $1944$, which saw American, British, and Canadian forces storm the beaches of Normandy.

Island Hopping

The brutal and costly US military campaign in the Pacific to take back islands conquered by Japan.

Manhattan Project

The secret research project that developed the atomic bombs dropped on Japan to end World War II.

United Nations

An international organization created after World War II to facilitate negotiation, promote cooperation, and prevent future wars.