Usmle Step 1 First Aid

often precedes squamous cell carcinoma

actinic keratosis

primary adrenocortical deficiency

Addison's disease

polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls - diagnosis?

Albright's syndrome

hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness

Alport's syndrome

anti-basement membrane antibodies - diagnosis?

Goodpasture's syndrome

anticentromere antibodies - diagnosis?

scleroderma (CREST)

anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies) - diagnosis?

- what hypersensitivity type?

SLE - type III hypersensitivity

anti-epithelial cell antibodies - diagnosis?

pemphigus vulgaris

antigliadin antibodies - diagnosis?

celiac disease

antihistone antibodies - diagnosis?

drug-induced SLE

anti-IgG antibodies - diagnosis?

rheumatoid arthritis

antimitochondrial antibodies - diagnosis?

primary biliary cirrhosis

antineutrophil antibodies - diagnosis?

vasculitis

antiplatelet antibodies - diagnosis?

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

arachnodactyly - diagnosis?

Marfan's syndrome

Argyll-Robertson pupil - diagnosis?

neurosyphilis

Arnold-Chiari malformation

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Aschoff bodies - diagnosis?

rheumatic fever

atrophy of the mammillary bodies - diagnosis?

Wernicke's encephalopathy

Auer rods - diagnosis?

acute myelogenous leukemia (especially promyelocytic type)

autosplenectomy - diagnosis?

sickle cell anemia

Babinski's sign is associated with what?

UMN lesion

"bamboo spine" on x-ray

ankylosing spondylitis

basophilic stippling of RBCs - diagnosis?

lead poisoning

defective dystrophin, less severe than Duchenne's

Becker's muscular dystrophy

LMN CN VII palsy

Bell's palsy

Bence Jones proteins - possible diagnoses?

- in each case, what are the proteins?

multiple myeloma - kappa or lambda light chains

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia - IgM

IgA nephropathy - diagnosis?

Berger's disease

Bernard-Soulier disease - what is the defect?

defect in platelet adhesion

bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis - diagnosis?

sarcoidosis

Birbeck granules on EM - diagnosis?

histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)

bloody tap on LP - diagnosis?

subarachnoid hemorrhage

"blue bloater"

chronic bronchitis

blue-domed cysts - diagnosis?

fibrocystic change of the breast

blue sclera - diagnosis?

osteogenesis imperfecta

boot-shaped heart on x-ray - possible diagnoses?

tetralogy of Fallot or RVH

Bouchard's nodes - diagnosis?

- where are they located?

- why do they occur?

osteoarthritis - on PIP secondary to osteophytes

boutonniere deformity - diagnosis?

rheumatoid arthritis

branching rods in oral infection - diagnosis?

Actinomyces israelii

"brown tumor" of bone - possible diagnoses?

- what causes the brown color?

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease)

- color is due to hemorrhage in cysts

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Bruton's disease

posthepatic venous thrombosis - diagnosis?

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Buerger's disease - what size arteries does it affect?

small or medium-artery vasculitis

Burkitt's lymphoma - what is the translocation?

- what virus is it associated with?

- appearance on histology?

8:14 translocation

EBV

starry sky appearance

Burton's lines - diagnosis?

lead poisoning

what types of ANCA are associated with Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis?

Wegener's - c-ANCA

MPA - p-ANCA

cafe-au-lait spots on skin - diagnosis?

neurofibromatosis

calf pseudohypertrophy - diagnosis?

Duchenne's muscular dystrophy

Call-Exner bodies - diagnosis?

granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy - diagnosis?

Chagas' disease

trypanosome infection - diagnosis?

Chagas' disease

painless chancre - diagnosis?

primary syphilis

painful chancroid - cause?

Haemophilus ducreyi

Charcot's triad of multiple sclerosis

nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech

Charcot's triad of cholangitis

jaundice, RUQ pain, fever

Charcot-Leyden crystals - diagnosis?

- what are they?

bronchial asthma - eosinophil membranes

what is the defect in Chediak-Higashi disease?

phagocyte deficiency

cherry-red spot on macula - possible diagnoses?

Tay-Sachs or Niemann-Pick disease

what are Cheyne-Stokes respirations, and in what circumstance do they occur?

central apnea in CHF and increased intracranial pressure

"chocolate cysts"

endometriosis

what does chronic atrophic gastritis predispose to?

gastric carcinoma

Chvostek's sign - what is it, and what does it indicate?

facial muscle spasm upon tapping - sign of hypocalcemia

DES exposure in utero predisposes to what?

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

clue cells - diagnosis?

Gardnerella vaginitis

Codman's triangle on x-ray - diagnosis?

osteosarcoma

cold agglutinins - possible diagnoses?

Mycoplasma pneumonia or infectious mononucleosis

cold intolerance - sign of what?

hypothyroidism

condylomata lata - diagnosis?

secondary syphilis

continuous machinery murmur - indicates what?

patent ductus arteriosus

what is the defect in Cori's disease?

debranching enzyme deficiency

cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, fever - diagnosis?

measles

Councilman bodies - diagnosis?

toxic or viral hepatitis

Cowdry type A bodies - caused by what?

herpesvirus

crescents in Bowman's capsule - diagnosis?

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

what is Crigler-Najjar syndrome?

congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia - due to absent UDP glucuronyl transferase

acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Curling's ulcer

currant-jelly sputum - diagnosis?

Klebsiella

Curschmann's spirals - diagnosis?

- what are they?

bronchial asthma - whorled mucous plugs

acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

Cushing's ulcer

D-dimers - diagnosis?

DIC

depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra - diagnosis?

- where is the defect?

- symptoms?

Parkinson's disease - basal ganglia disorder

- rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia

dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea - diagnosis?

pellagra (niacin/vitamin B3 deficiency)

dog or cat bite - infected with?

Pasteurella multocida

what is Dressler's syndrome?

post-MI fibrinous pericarditis

what is Dubin-Johnson syndrome?

- what is the defect?

- what is the pathologic consequence?

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia - due to defective liver excretion of conjugated bilirubin, causing black liver

what is the defect in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy?

- what is the inheritance pattern?

deleted dystrophin gene - X-linked recessive

eburnation - diagnosis?

osteoarthritis

trisomy 18 associated with rocker-bottom feet, low-set ears, heart disease

Edwards' syndrome

what is Eisenmenger's complex?

late cyanosis shunt (reversal of an uncorrected L-R shunt to an R-L shunt)

elastic skin - diagnosis?

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

where and what is Erb-Duchenne palsy?

superior trunk injury to brachial plexus (C5-6) - "waiter's tip"

erythema chronicum migrans - diagnosis?

Lyme disease

genetically inherited aplastic anemia

Fanconi's anemia

what is Fanconi's syndrome?

proximal tubular reabsorption defect (causes excretion of many things - leads to, among other things, rickets, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia)

"fat, female, forty, and fertile" - at risk for?

acute cholecystitis

fatty liver - associated with?

alcoholism

ferruginous bodies - diagnosis?

asbestosis

colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors - diagnosis?

Gardner's syndrome

what is the defect in Gaucher's disease?

glucocerebrosidase deficiency

Ghon focus - diagnosis?

primary TB