Teratogens

What drug’s MOA: enhance GABA; increase duration of chloride channel opening

barbiturates

What drug is used as an anesthetic, anticonvulsant, and sedative hypnotic and causes fetal respiratory depression?

barbiturates

What drug’s MOA: enhance GABA activity, increase frequency of chloride channel opening

benzodiazepines

What drug is used for anti-anxiety, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, and sedative-hypnotic and causes hypotonia in infant (floppy baby)

benzodiazepines

What drug’s MOA: blockade of norepi and serotonin presynaptic uptake

tricyclic antidepressants

what drug’s MOA: blockade of serotonin reuptake

SSRIs

Which SSRI has increased fetal cardiac effects?

paroxetine

what are considered to be the safest SSRIs in pregnancy?

sertraline and citalopram

what effect can tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs have on a fetus?

neonatal withdrawal

what drug’s MOA: CNS depressant, potentiates GABA

alcohol

What drug’s MOA: Mu receptor agonist

opioids

what drugs are used as an analgesic and can cause neonatal withdrawal and respiratory depression?

opioids

What drug’s MOA: blockade of the Na channels

phenytoin and carbamazepine

What drug is an anticonvulsant that can cause a neonate to have cleft palate, flat nose, and digital hypoplasia?

phenytoin (fetal hydantoin syndrome)

What drugs are CYP inducers that are also teratogens and we need to counsel pts on the fact that these meds can make their birth control ineffective

phenytoin and carbamazepine

What drug’s MOA: blocks NA channels, blocks glutamate at the NMDA receptor, and potentiates GABA

valproic acid

What is important for pregnant mothers and anticonvulsants

try not to take them, but if you do then you will need even more folate supplementation

What is the most teratogenic anticonvulsant?

valproic acid

What drug is an anticonvulsant that can cause abnormal facial features, spina bifida, neural tube defects, and possible autism link?

valproic acid

What anticonvulsants are preferred in pregnancy?

levetiracetam

What drug’s MOA: decreases IP3

lithium

What drug is used to treat bipolar disorder and can cause tricuspid displacement toward the right ventricle?

lithium (Ebstein’s anomaly)

what drug can cause ebstein’s anomaly?

lithium

Bipolar disease in pregnancy is best treated with what?

lamotrigine

What drug’s MOA: inhibition of DAT, NERT, causes an increase in extracellular DA, NE concentration

cocaine

what drug’s MOA: increased release of NE and DA

amphetamines

What drug’s can cause a decreased performance in school and spontaneous abortion if the mother takes them while pregnant?

amphetamines and cocaine

What drug’s MOA: irreversible COX inhibitor

aspirin

what drug’s MOA: reversible COX inhibitor

NSAIDs and salicylates

What drug’s can cause feta acidosis and respiratory depression

aspirin, salicylates, and NSAIDs

What drug may be taken at 12-28 weeks to treat preeclampsia but has teratogenic effects?

aspirin, salicylates, and NSAIDs

What drug’s MOA: vit K epoxide inhibition

warfarin

What drug can cause bone dysmorphogenesis?

warfarin

what drug should we use for DVT in pregnancy?

heparin

What drug’s MOA: blockade of angiotensin I and II

ACE inhibitors

What drugs can cause kidney damage in the fetus?

ACE inhibitors

What drug was used in the past to prevent miscarriage

diethylstilbestrol (DES)

What drug has been shown to cause adenocarcinoma in the vagina of females whose mother’s used it while pregnant

diethylstilbestrol (DES)

what drug’s MOA: 5 alpha reductase inhibitor

finasteride

what drug is used for hair growth and BPH but females should never handle the tablets

finasteride

What drug can cause pseudo hermaphroditism (strops the formation of male genitals) in male fetus?

finasteride

What drug’s MOA: antiestrogen

danazol

What drug can cause masculinization of female fetus?

danazol

What drug can cause stillbirth and low birth weight?

tobacco

What drug is used to treat cystic acne?

isotretinoin and vitamin A derivatives (acitretin)

What drug can we not donate blood for 3 years?

acitretin

What drug do we have to have 2 forms of birth control, 2 negative pregnancy tests, and ipledge?

isotretinoin

What drug do we use to treat myeloid myeloma and leprosy

thalidomide

What drug’s MOA: reduce TNF alpha and decrease angiogenesis

thalidomide

What drug can cause phocomelia (short/absent long bones of the limbs(

thalidomide

What drug can cause underdeveloped 6th and 7th cranial nerves?

misoprostol

What drug’s MOA: agonist at PGE2 receptor

misoprostol

what drug’s MOA: anti-progesterone and anti-glucocorticoid

mifepristone

What drug’s MOA: inhibit the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis by liver

HMG-COA inhibitors

What drug’s MOA: inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase

methotrexate

What drug is a DMARD that can cause neural tube defects?

methotrexate (need folate supplementation)

What drug is a 30S antibiotic that can cause teeth discoloration and poor bone structure?

tetracycline

What drug’s MOA: competitive inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthetase

sulfonamides

what drug can cause jaundice with an increase in the risk of brain damage in a child (kernicterus)?

sulfonamides

What drug’s MOA: inhibition of DNA gyrase and can cause bone growth abnormalities

fluoroquinolones

What drug’s MOA: 50S antibiotic and inhibitor of peptidyl transferase

chloraphenicol

What drug can cause gray baby syndrome

chloramphenicol

What drug’s are 30S antibiotics that cause ototoxicity (CN8)

aminoglycosides

What drug treats Hep C and RSV?

ribavirin

What drug’s MOA: block replication of DNA and RNA viruses by inhibiting guanine synthesis

ribavirin

What drug’s do we use to treat toxoplasmosis in pregnancy?

spiramycin

What drug do we use to treat borrelia in pregnancy?

beta lactam inhibitors

What do we use to treat chlamydia or mycoplasma in pregnancy?

macrolide

What drug is a glucocorticoid used for surfactant production and lung maturation in preterm babies?

betamethasone

What drug is needed for the developing fetus to stop neural tube defects?

folic acid

What drug prevents cretinism?

levothyroxine

What drug’s MOA: block iodine organification and blocks iodotyrosine couplings

propythiouracil (PTU)

What drug treat hyperthyroidism and safe in pregnancy?

propythiouracil (PTU)

What drug do we use to treat pregnancy-induced hypertension?

methyldopa

What drug’s MOA: MU receptor agonists that are safe in pregnancy

morphine and methadone

what drug do we use to treat opioid withdrawal?

morphine and methadone (babies born to heroin addicted mothers → have a high pitched shrill cry)