Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS)

Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale

A system used to diagnose a potential stroke in a pre-hospital setting through three signs.

Facial droop

A test in which a person is asked to smile; drooping on one side may indicate a stroke.

Normal facial response

Both sides of the face move equally when smiling.

Abnormal facial response

One side of the face does not move as well as the other, indicating a possible stroke.

Arm drift

A test where a person holds out their arms; one arm drifting down may indicate a stroke.

Normal arm movement

Both arms move equally or remain still during the arm drift test.

Abnormal arm movement

One arm does not move or drifts down more than the other side, suggesting a possible stroke.

Speech test

A test where a person says a familiar phrase; slurring or incorrect words may indicate a stroke.

Normal speech response

Patient uses correct words without slurring during the speech test.

Abnormal speech response

Slurred or inappropriate words, or inability to speak, suggesting a stroke.

Probability of ischemic stroke

72% probability if any one of the three findings is present as a new event.

Probability of acute stroke

More than 85% probability if all three findings are present.