Chapter 5: The Rise of Rome

Capitoline Hill

The ________ became the citys religious center when the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus was built there.

Scipios victory

________ meant that Roman language, law, and culture, fertilized by Greek influences, would in time permeate this entire region, although it would be another century before the Iberian Peninsula was completely pacified.

Caesar

________ was a superb orator, and his personality and wit made him popular.

plebeian assembly

The populares attempted to increase their power through the ________ and the power of the tribunes, while the optimates employed the traditional means of patron- client relationships and working primarily through the Senate.

Scipio

________ represented the new Roman- imperial, cultured, and independent.

Cato

________ held the office of censor, and he attempted to remove from the lists of possible officeholders anyone who did not live up to his standards.

central Italy

The Etruscans expanded southward into ________ through military actions on land and sea and through the establishment of colony cities.

Pompey

________ was assassinated in Egypt, Cleopatra and Caesar became lovers, and Caesar brought Cleopatra to Rome.

Roman law

Women could inherit and own property under ________, though they generally received a smaller portion of any family inheritance than their brothers did.

Plebeian men

________ won the right to meet in an assembly of their own, the concilium plebis, and to pass ordinances.

Weddings

________ were central occasions in a familys life, with spouses chosen carefully by parents, other family members, or marriage brokers.

public treasury

The quaestors took charge of the ________ and investigated crimes, reporting their findings to the consuls.

Sardinia

The Romans took advantage of Carthaginian weakness to seize ________ and Corsica.

Hannibal

During the war with ________, the Romans had invaded the Iberian Peninsula, an area rich in material resources and the home of fierce warriors.

Etruscan

The culture that is now called ________ developed in north- central Italy about 800 b.c.e.

Patrician men

________ dominated the affairs of state, provided military leadership in time of war, and monopolized knowledge of law and legal procedure.

Second Punic War

During the ________, King Philip V of Macedonia made an alliance with Hannibal against Rome.

Cleopatra

Octavians forces defeated the combined forces of Antony and ________ at the Battle of Actium in Greece, but the two escaped.

Roman politics

________ operated primarily through a patron- client system whereby free men promised their votes to a more powerful man in exchange for his help in legal or other matters.

Greek custom

The ________ of bathing also gained popularity in the Roman world.

Octavians victory

________ at Actium put an end to an age of civil war.

Romulus

________ and his mostly male followers expanded their power over the neighboring Sabine peoples, in part by abducting and marrying their women.

Mark Antony

Octavian joined forces with ________ and another of Caesars lieutenants, Lepidus, in a formal pact known later as the Second Triumvirate.

Baths

________ were also places where people could buy sex, as the women and men who worked in bathhouses often made extra income through prostitution.

Celts

The Romans suffered a major setback when the ________- or Gauls, as the Romans called them- invaded the Italian peninsula from the north, destroyed a Roman army, and sacked the city of Rome.

Licinius

________ and Sextius were plebeian tribunes in the fourth century b.c.e.

Marcus Cato

________, called Cato the Elder, was a plebeian and owned a small rural estate, but his talent caught the eye of high patrician officials and he became their client.

Sicily

The Romans took possession of ________, which became their first real province.

Numidia

________ had been one of Romes client kingdoms, a kingdom still ruled by its own king but subject to Rome.

Executive power

________ was in the hands of Senate leaders called consuls, but there were always two of them and they were elected for one- year terms only, not for life.

death of Gaius

The ________ brought little peace, and trouble came from two sources: the outbreak of new wars in the Mediterranean basin and further political unrest in Rome.

Romans

________ developed a liking for Greek literature, and it became common for an educated Roman to speak both Latin and Greek.

peace treaty

The ________ between Rome and Carthage brought no peace, as both powers had their sights set on dominating the western half of the Mediterranean.

Greek alphabet

The Etruscans spoke a language that was very different from Greek and Latin, although they adopted the ________ to write it.

new Hellenism

The ________ profoundly stimulated the growth and development of Roman art and literature.

distribution of grain

He issued laws about debt, the collection of taxes, and the ________ and land.

Italy

The boot- shaped peninsula of ________, with the island of Sicily at its toe, occupies the center of the Mediterranean basin.

Rome

________ declared war against the rebellious Jugurtha, king of Numidia in North Africa.

Roman authors

________ sometimes wrote histories and poetry in Greek, or translated Greek classics into Latin.

Tiber

The ________ provided Rome with a constant source of water.

Hannibal

________ became the Carthaginian commander in Spain and laid siege to Saguntum, a Roman- allied city that lay within the sphere of Carthaginian interest and was making raids into Carthaginian territories.

Caesar

________ was wildly popular with most people in Rome, and even with many senators.

Scipio

________ also promoted the spread of Hellenism in Roman society, and his views became more widespread than those of Cato.

Roman law

________ prohibited marriages between slaves, between a slave and a free person, and initially between plebeians and patricians.

Cato

________ set himself up as the defender of what he saw as traditional Roman values: discipline, order, morality, frugality, and an agrarian way of life.

Pompey

In 48 b.c.e., despite being outnumbered, he defeated ________ and his army at the Battle of Pharsalus in central Greece.

Scipio

________ copied Hannibals methods of mobile warfare and using guerrilla tactics and made more extensive use of cavalry than had earlier Roman commanders.

Caesar

________ followed Pompey to Egypt, Cleopatra allied herself with ________, and Caesars army defeated Ptolemys army, ending the power struggle.