URINALYSIS PRE-TEST

All biological samples should be disposed in a biohazard labeled container, except:

Stool

CSF

Urine

None of the Above

Urine

Providing sharps disposal containers and needles with safety devices is an example of?

Engineering Control

In case of fire, you should follow the acronym?

RACE

What is the primary organic component of urine?

Urea

An unpreserved urine specimen collected at 8 AM remains at room temperature until the 3PM shift arrives can be expected to have:

1. Decreased glucose and ketones 
2. Increased bacteria and nitrite

3. Decreased pH and turbidity 

4. Increased cellular elements

1 and 2

Arrange the action of RAAS from the start until the end.

I. Dilates the afferent arteriole and constricts the efferent arteriole

II. Stimulates sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule

III. Triggers the adrenal cortex to release the sodium retaining hormone aldosterone to cause sodium

reabsorption and potassium excretion in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

IV. Triggers antidiuretic hormone release by the hypothalamus to stimulate water reabsorption in the

collecting duct

I, II, III, IV

A brown or black pigment in urine can be

caused by:

Melanin

What is the principle of the colorimetric reagent

strip determination of SG in urine?

Ionic strength alters the pKa of a polyelectrolyte

Urine from a patient with polyuria has a high specific gravity. The patient should be evaluated for:

Diabetes mellitus

Red cells will disintegrate more rapidly in a urine that is:

Dilute and alkaline

The renal threshold for glucose is:

160 – 180 mg/dL

When should a 2-hour postprandial urine be collected?

2 hours after eating

The normal daily urine output for an adult is

approximately:

0.6–1.6 L

The SG of the filtrate in Bowman’s space is

approximately:

1.008–1.010

The primary inorganic substance found in urine is:

Chloride

All are characteristics of recommended urine containers except:

A flat bottom

A capacity of 50 mL

Are disposable

A snap-on lid

A snap-on lid

A cloudy specimen received in the laboratory may have been preserved using:

Boric acid

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is responsible for all of the following except:

Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole

Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole

Reabsorbing sodium

Releasing aldosterone

Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole

Urine production of less than 400 mL/day is

Defined as oliguria

Leaving excess urine on the reagent strip after removing

it from the specimen will:

Cause run-over between reagent pads

All of the following can be detected by the leukocyte

esterase reaction except:

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes

The principle of the leukocyte esterase reagent strip test

uses a:

Diazo reaction

In what sequence does urine formation occur?

Glomerulus, Bowman’s space, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

Bence Jones protein is:

An abnormal globulin associated with multiple myeloma

Urine sediment could have which of the following formed elements and still be considered “normal”?

5 to 10 red blood cellsC.

0 to 2 hyaline casts

A few bacteria

A few yeast cells

0 to 2 hyaline casts

For general screening the most frequently collected specimen is a:

Random one

Crystals associated with severe liver disease include all of the following except:

Bilirubin

Leucine

Cystine

Tyrosine

Cystine

Dysmorphic RBC casts is a significant finding except in:

Goodpasture syndrome

Acute glomerulonephritis

Chronic pyelonephritis

Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Chronic pyelonephritis

The only protein produced by the kidney is:

Uromodulin

End-stage renal disease is characterized by all except:

Hypersthenuria

Isosthenuria

Azotemia

Electrolyte imbalance

Hypersthenuria

The most common composition of renal calculi is

Calcium oxalate

Which statement regarding renal function is true?

Glomeruli are far more permeable to H2O and salt than other capillaries

The collecting tubule reabsorbs sodium and secretes potassium in response to antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The collecting tubule is permeable to H2O only in the presence of aldosterone

The thick ascending limb is highly permeable to H2O and urea

Glomeruli are far more permeable to H2O and salt than other capillaries

Which statement about sample collection for

routine urinalysis is true?

Preservative tablets should be used for collecting random urine specimens

Containers may be washed and reused if rinsed in deionized H2O

Samples may be stored at room temperature for up to 2 hours

First morning voided samples are not acceptable when renal disease is suspected

Samples may be stored at room temperature for up to 2 hours

Which of the following substances will cause urine to produce red fluorescence when examined with an ultraviolet lamp (360 nm)?

Coproporphyrin

Which of the following tests is affected least by

standing or improperly stored urine?

Protein

Which type of urine sample is needed for a D-xylose absorption test on an adult patient?

5-hour timed urine kept under refrigeration

Urine production of less than 400 mL/day is:

Oliguria

Which of the following contributes to SG, but not to osmolality?

Protein

In renal tubular acidosis, the pH of urine is:

Consistently alkaline

Daily loss of protein in urine normally does not

exceed:

150 mg

Which of the following is least likely to cause a

false-positive result with turbidimetric protein

tests?

Ascorbic acid

Which of the following dyes are used in Sternheimer–Malbin stain?

Crystal violet and safranin

Which of the following statements regarding WBCs in urinary sediment is true?

“Glitter cells” seen in the urinary sediment are a sign of renal disease

Bacteriuria in the absence of WBCs indicates lower urinary tract infection (UTI)

WBCs other than PMNs are not found in urinary sediment

WBC casts indicate that pyuria is of renal, rather than lower urinary, origin

WBC casts indicate that pyuria is of renal, rather than lower urinary, origin

Renal tubular epithelial cells are shed into the

urine in largest numbers in which condition?

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the kidney

The ova of which parasite may be found in the urinary sediment?

Schistosoma hematobium

Oval fat bodies are often seen in:

Nephrotic syndrome

Alkaptonuria, a rare hereditary disease, is characterized by the urinary excretion of

Homogentisic acid

A 22-year-old female clinical laboratory student performs a urinalysis on her own urine as part of a lab class. Significant results include:

color = yellow;

appearance = cloudy;

pH = 7.5;

nitrite = positive;

leukocyte esterase - 2+;

25^0 WBC/hpf;

0-3 RBC/hpf;

2-5 squamous epithelial cells/hpf;

moderate bacteria.

All other chemistries and microscopic results

were normal. These findings suggest

Lower urinary tract infection

Phenylketonuria may be characterized by which of the following statements?

It may cause brain damage if untreated.

It is caused by the absence of the enzyme, phenylalanine oxidase.

Phenylpyruvic acid excess appears in the blood.

Excess tyrosine accumulates in the blood.

It may cause brain damage if untreated.

In the urinalysis laboratory the primary source in the chain of infection would be:

Specimens