Classification of Microorganisms and Nomenclature

a. True

Viruses are considered as obligate-intracellular parasites therefore considered "non-living". Sometimes included on the list of microorganisms.

a. True

b. False

d. None

True statements except:

a. Classification is the process by which organisms are grouped into various categories based on morphological and physiological characteristics.

b. There have been various attempts to classify organisms based on their morphological, physiological, cellular, and molecular characteristics.

c. Modern classification is also based on evolutionary relationships i.e., phylogenetic relationships.

d. None

e. All

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

R.H. Whittaker's Five Kingdom Classification was based on the following characteristics:

I. Cell type and presence of nuclear membrane

II. Presence of cell wall and its constituents

III. Body organization

IV. Mode of nutrition

V. Mode of reproduction

VI. Phylogenetic relationships

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

b. I, II, III, IV, V

c. I, II, IV, V, VI

d. I, IV, V, VI

e. III, IV, V, VI

a. Monera

(5) Kingdom:

Unicellular prokaryotes

a. Monera

b. Protista

c. Fungi

d. Plantae

e. Animalia

b. Protista

(5) Kingdom:

Unicellular eukaryotes

a. Monera

b. Protista

c. Fungi

d. Plantae

e. Animalia

c. Fungi

(5) Kingdom:

Eukaryotic, heterotrophic (saprophytic/ parasitic) and with a cell wall (chitin)

a. Monera

b. Protista

c. Fungi

d. Plantae

e. Animalia

d. Plantae

(5) Kingdom:

Eukaryotic, autotrophic (photosynthetic) and with a cell wall (cellulose)

a. Monera

b. Protista

c. Fungi

d. Plantae

e. Animalia

e. Animalia

(5) Kingdom:

Eukaryotic, heterotrophic (holozoic/ saprophytic etc.) and without a cell wall.

a. Monera

b. Protista

c. Fungi

d. Plantae

e. Animalia

d. Cellulose

Most abundant organic substance in the earth

a. Mineral

b. Petroleum

c. Charcoal

d. Cellulose

d. Cellulose

Cell wall of plantae.

a. Ergosterol

b. Chitin

c. Phytosterol

d. Cellulose

b. Chitin

Cell wall of fungi.

a. Ergosterol

b. Chitin

c. Phytosterol

d. Cellulose

a. Monera

Bacteria classification.

a. Monera

b. Protista

c. Fungi

d. Plantae

e. Animalia

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

Bacteria.

I. Bacteria are classified in the kingdom Monera.

II. It includes Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.

III. Unicellular, have a prokaryotic cell which is devoid of a membrane-bound nucleus

IV. Do not contain endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi bodies

V. Bacteria are the most abundant microorganisms and are present almost everywhere

VI. They are classified as gram positive and gram negative based on the Gram's staining pattern

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

b. II, III, IV, V, VI

c. I, II, III, V, VI

d. I, II, III, VI

e. I, IV, V, VI

f. I, II, III

a. Gram positive (+) bacteria

Multiple layer of peptidpglycan.

a. Gram positive (+) bacteria

b. Gram negative (-) bacteria

b. Gram negative (-) bacteria

One thin layer of peptidoglycan.

a. Gram positive (+) bacteria

b. Gram negative (-) bacteria

a. Coccus or cocci

Bacterial classification based on shape:

Spherical shaped bacteria.

a. Coccus or cocci

b. Spirillum or spirilla

c. Bacillus or bacilli

d. Vibrium or vibrio

c. Bacillus or bacilli

Bacterial classification based on shape:

Rod shaped bacteria.

a. Coccus or cocci

b. Spirillum or spirilla

c. Bacillus or bacilli

d. Vibrium or vibrio

b. Spirillum or spirilla

Bacterial classification based on shape:

Spiral shaped bacteria.

a. Coccus or cocci

b. Spirillum or spirilla

c. Bacillus or bacilli

d. Vibrium or vibrio

d. Vibrium or vibrio

Bacterial classification based on shape:

Curve or comma shaped bacteria.

a. Coccus or cocci

b. Spirillum or spirilla

c. Bacillus or bacilli

d. Vibrium or vibrio

a. Eubacteria

True Bacteria.

a. Eubacteria

b. Archaebacteria

c. Protozoa

d. Slime Molds

e. Fungi

b. I, II, IV, V, VI

Bacteria are autotrophic as well as heterotrophic.

Eubacteria.

I. True bacteria

II. Have a rigid cell wall and may contain flagella.

III. They are heterotrophic only.

IV. Bacteria reproduce by simple cytokinesis known as binary fission and DNA transfer

V. Some bacteria produce spores under unfavorable conditions.

VI. Mycoplasma does not contain a cell wall.

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI

b. I, II, IV, V, VI

c. I, II, III, V, VI

d. I, II, III, VI

e. I, IV, V, VI

f. I, II, III

a. Photosynthetic autotrophs

1) This includes blue-green algae or cyanobacteria

2) They contain chlorophyll 'a' similar to green plants and perform photosynthesis

3) Some cyanobacteria are also capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen

a. Photosynthetic autotrophs

b. Chemosynthetic autotrophs

c. Heterotrophs

a. Photosynthetic autotrophs

Nostoc

Anabaena

a. Photosynthetic autotrophs

b. Chemosynthetic autotrophs

c. Heterotrophs

b. Chemosynthetic autotrophs

1) These microorganisms utilize energy derived from the oxidation of inorganic substances such as nitrates, ammonia, sulfur, etc. and produce ATP.

2) Play an important role in nutrient recycling.

a. Photosynthetic autotrophs

b. Chemosynthetic autotrophs

c. Heterotrophs

b. Chemosynthetic autotrophs

Purple sulfur bacteria.

a. Photosynthetic autotrophs

b. Chemosynthetic autotrophs

c. Heterotrophs

e. None

Heterotrophs except:

a. They are widely distributed and play a key role in the ecosystem as decomposers

b. They are used for the industrial production of antibiotics, organic acids, etc.

c. They also act as nitrogen-fixers

d. Some are pathogenic

e. None

c. Heterotrophs

Rhizobium in the root nodules of legumes.

a. Photosynthetic autotrophs

b. Chemosynthetic autotrophs

c. Heterotrophs

c. Heterotrophs

Made synthesis of vaccines possible.

a. Photosynthetic autotrophs

b. Chemosynthetic autotrophs

c. Heterotrophs

a. True

Streptomyces and Micromonospora are common sources of antibiotics.

a. True

b. False

b. False - Anabaena is photosynthetic autotroph.

All of the following are heterotrophs.

Cholera

Tuberculosis

Typhoid

Botulism

Anabaena

Tetanus

Citrus canker

Fire blight of apple

a. True

b. False

a. I, II, III

Archaebacteria.

I. They can thrive in extreme environmental conditions

II. They have different cell wall compositions, which enable them to survive in harsh conditions

III. The cell membrane of archaea is ether-linked as compared to ester-linked in bacteria.

a. I, II, III

b. I, II

c. I, III

d. II, III

e. III

c. Ether-linked

Cell membrane of archaea.

a. Ester-linked

b. Carboxyl-linked

c. Ether-linked

d. Ketone-linked

a. Ester-linked

Cell membrane of true bacteria.

a. Ester-linked

b. Carboxyl-linked

c. Ether-linked

d. Ketone-linked

f. All

Archaebacteria main groups.

a. Methanogens

b. Halophiles

c. Thermoacidophiles

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Methanogens

Archaebacteria group:

1) They are found in marshy areas.

2) They are found in the gut of many ruminating animals and are utilized for the commercial production of the biogas methane.

a. Methanogens

b. Halophiles

c. Thermoacidophiles

e. None

Ruminating animals are those capable of storing food in their bodies including the following except:

a. Cows

b. Goat

c. Camel

d. Horse

e. None

b. Halophiles

Archaebacteria group:

They are found in extreme salty areas.

a. Methanogens

b. Halophiles

c. Thermoacidophiles

c. Thermoacidophiles

Archaebacteria group:

1) They can tolerate extreme temperatures and low pH.

2) They are found in hot springs.

a. Methanogens

b. Halophiles

c. Thermoacidophiles

b. Protista

Protozoa classification.

a. Monera

b. Protista

c. Fungi

d. Plantae

e. Animalia

e. None

Protozoa except:

a. Kingdom Protista

b. Unicellular eukaryotes

c. Heterotrophs

d. Live as parasites or predators

e. None

e. None

Protozoa major groups based on locomotion except:

a. Amoeboid

b. Flagellated

c. Ciliated

d. Sporozoans

e. None

a. Amoeboid

Protozoa major group based on locomotion:

They have pseudopodia which is used for movement and capturing prey.

a. Amoeboid

b. Flagellated

c. Ciliated

d. Sporozoans

e. None

b. Flagellated

Protozoa major group based on locomotion:

These protozoans are flagellated and are either free-living or parasites.

a. Amoeboid

b. Flagellated

c. Ciliated

d. Sporozoans

e. None

c. Ciliated

Protozoa major group based on locomotion:

1) They are aquatic and have thousands of cilia present on the body surface.

2) Cilia also helps in bringing water laden with food inside the cavity of the gullet.

a. Amoeboid

b. Flagellated

c. Ciliated

d. Sporozoans

e. None

c. Ciliated

Paramecium is an example of

a. Amoeboid

b. Flagellated

c. Ciliated

d. Sporozoans

e. None

d. Sporozoans

Protozoa major group based on locomotion:

They are non-motile and produce spores.

a. Amoeboid

b. Flagellated

c. Ciliated

d. Sporozoans

e. None

a. I, II, III, IV, V

Slime molds.

I. Also protists.

II. They are saprophytes: feed on decomposing matters

III. They often form aggregates called plasmodium.

IV. They form spores that are extremely resistant to adverse conditions.

V. Move along dead and decaying branches and leaves and absorb organic compounds.

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. II, III, IV, V

c. I, III, IV, V

d. I, II, V

e. I, II, III

a. I, II, III, IV, V

Fungi.

I. They are heterotrophic

II. Have a rigid cell wall

III. They are parasites or saprotrophs

IV. Microscopic

V. They are cosmopolitan and grow in warm, humid places.

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. II, III, IV, V

c. I, III, IV, V

d. I, II, V

e. I, II, III

e. Actinomycetes - this is bacteria

Classes of fungi except:

a. Phycomycetes

b. Ascomycetes

c. Basidiomycetes

d. Deuteromycetes

e. Actinomycetes

f. None

a. Phycomycetes

Classes of fungi:

1) They are characterized by the presence of coenocytic mycelium.

2) Spores are produced endogenously in the sporangium.

a. Phycomycetes

b. Ascomycetes

c. Basidiomycetes

d. Deuteromycetes

a. Phycomycetes

Classes of fungi:

Rhizopus

Mucor

a. Phycomycetes

b. Ascomycetes

c. Basidiomycetes

d. Deuteromycetes

e. None

Ascomycetes except:

a. They are commonly known as Sac-fungi

b. The mycelium is branched and septate

c. The asexual spores are produced exogenously on conidiophores

d. Sexual spores are produced endogenously within asci.

e. None

f. Rhizopus - this is phycomycetes.

Ascomycetes except:

a. Penicillium

b. Saccharomyces

c. Aspergillus

d. Claviceps

e. Neurospora

f. Rhizopus

b. Saccharomyces

1 ) Yeast used as leavening agent.

2) Also used for fermentation of alcohol production.

a. Penicillium

b. Saccharomyces

c. Aspergillus

d. Claviceps

e. Neurospora

c. Basidiomycetes

Classes of fungi:

Asexual spores are not formed.

a. Phycomycetes

b. Ascomycetes

c. Basidiomycetes

d. Deuteromycetes

d. Colletotrichum - this is Deuteromycetes.

Basidiomycetes except:

a. Puccinia (rust)

b. Mushrooms

c. Ustilago (smut)

d. Colletotrichum

e. None

c. Ustilago

Smut

a. Puccinia

b. Mushrooms

c. Ustilago

d. Colletotrichum

a. Puccinia

Rust

a. Puccinia

b. Mushrooms

c. Ustilago

d. Colletotrichum

d. Deuteromycetes

Classes of fungi:

1) Called the imperfect fungi due to absence of sexual (central) stage in the life cycle.

2) Most fungi are decomposers and help in nutrient recycling.

a. Phycomycetes

b. Ascomycetes

c. Basidiomycetes

d. Deuteromycetes

f. All

Deuteromycetes.

a. Colletotrichum

b. Alternaria

c. Trichoderma

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. I, II, III, IV, V

Algae.

I. Kingdom Protista

II. Unicellular photosynthetic organisms

III. Include diatoms, golden algae and dinoflagellates

IV. Microscopic and are plankton

V. Chief producers in the sea

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. II, III, IV, V

c. I, III, IV, V

d. I, II, V

e. I, II, III

a. Diatoms

They have a silicious cell wall which fits like a soap box.

a. Diatoms

b. Dinoflagellates

a. Diatoms

They are photosynthetic and 'diatomaceous earth' is used for polishing, filtration of oil, etc.

a. Diatoms

b. Dinoflagellates

b. Dinoflagellates

They are known to cause red tide due to rapid multiplication.

a. Diatoms

b. Dinoflagellates

a. Red dinoflagellate

Gonyaulax

a. Red dinoflagellate

b. Blue dinoflagellate

c. Yellow dinoflagellate

d. Green dinoflagellate

f. All

Dinoflagellates.

a. They are marine, photosynthetic and appear in different colors.

b. They have two unequal flagella, one longitudinal and one transverse.

c. The cell wall has stiff cellulose plates.

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Chlorophyceae

Green algae

a. Chlorophyceae

b. Phaeophyceae

c. Rhodophyceae

a. Chlorophyceae

They have chlorophyll a and b pigments and some are microscopic.

a. Chlorophyceae

b. Phaeophyceae

c. Rhodophyceae

e. None

Green algae except:

a. Chlamydomonas

b. Volvox

c. Ulothrix

d. Spirogyra

e. None

a. Chlamydomonas

Unicellular green algae.

a. Chlamydomonas

b. Volvox

c. Ulothrix

d. Spirogyra

b. Phaeophyceae

Brown algae.

a. Chlorophyceae

b. Phaeophyceae

c. Rhodophyceae

b. Volvox

Forms coenobium or a colony of thousands of cells.

a. Chlamydomonas

b. Volvox

c. Ulothrix

d. Spirogyra

b. Phaeophyceae

They have chlorophyll a and c, and fucoxanthin pigments.

a. Chlorophyceae

b. Phaeophyceae

c. Rhodophyceae

c. Rhodophyceae

Red algae.

a. Chlorophyceae

b. Phaeophyceae

c. Rhodophyceae

c. Rhodophyceae

They have chlorophyll a and d, and phycoerythrin pigments.

a. Chlorophyceae

b. Phaeophyceae

c. Rhodophyceae

a. First word

Scientific naming:

Capitalized; genus name.

a. First word

b. Second word

b. Second word

Scientific naming:

Specific name/epithet.

a. First word

b. Second word

c. Both

True statement/s.

a. Scientific name is synonymous to the specie's name.

b. The nomenclature for bacteria or microbes are exclusive only for microorganism.

c. Both

d. None