Cell divison (regents)

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Why do cells divide?

Growth, repair, and asexual reproduction

Cells of multicellular organisms lack specialized functions ——> develop into cells - specialized function ex: muscle cell

Stem cells —> differentiated cells

Mitosis and cytokinesis

• cells

• Divide nucleus (mitosis)

• divide cytoplasm (cytokinesis)

Mitotic phase

Grows, carries out its normal functions, and copies its DNA

*this is where DNA is duplicated

interphase

1st part of interphase

• cells

• carry out functions

• grows and makes proteins

G1 phase

2nd part of interphase

• cells

• undergo DNA replication (make a copy of DNA)

S Phase

3rd part of interphase

• cell

• more growth

• protein synthesis

• prepare for division (enough organelles)

G2 Phase

A loose form of DNA

Chromatin

A highly condensed (packed) form of DNA

Chromosome

A chromosome that consist of two sister chromatids

Duplicated chromosome

Two halves of a chromosome that have the same genetic information

sister chromatids

Connects two sister chromatids

centromere

organelles that make structural proteins (microbes) such as spindle fibers

centrosome

Special proteins that move chromosomes during mitosis

Spindle fibers

Chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and spindle fibers begin to form.

Prophase

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

metaphase

Chromatids pull apart to opposite sides.

anaphase

New nuclei form around the chromosomes at each end of the cell.

Telophase

The cell's cytoplasm divides, creating two separate daughter cells.

Cyotkenesis