Hormones and Endocrine Functions

Vocabulary flashcards covering various hormones, their origins, and physiological functions based on lecture notes.

ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone

produced by the anterior pituitary; stimulates secretion of hormones by the adrenal cortex.

ADH Antidiuretic hormone

produced by the posterior pituitary; decreases water loss by increasing reabsorption of water into blood and decreasing urine production.

DHEA Dehydrolplandrosterone (androgens)

produced by the adrenal gland reticularis; increases sex drive in themales.

FSH Follicle stimulating hormone

produced by the anterior pituitary; stimulates oocyte production and estrogen secretion/sperm production.

GH Growth hormone

produced by the anterior pituitary; promotes growth of body tissues and regulates metabolism.

NE / Epinephrine Norepinephrine/epinephrine

produced by the adrenal medulla; promote fight-or-flight.

OT Oxytocin

produced by the posterior pituitary; stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection.

PRL Prolactin

produced by the anterior pituitary; stimulates production and secretion of milk.

PTH Parathyroid hormone

produced by the parathyroid; increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity.

$T_3$ / $T_4$ Triiodothyronine / thyroxine

produced by thyroid follicular cells; increase metabolism and BMR.

TSH Thyroid stimulating hormone

produced by the anterior pituitary; stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones.

MSH Melanocyte stimulating hormone

produced by the anterior pituitary; darkens skin pigmentation.

Aldosterone

Produced by the adrenal glomerulosa / cortex; increases reabsorption of sodium and water into blood and decreases urine output.

Calcitonin

Produced by the thyroid parafollicular cells; decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts.

Cortisol / Cortisone

Produced by the adrenal cortex; increase resistance to stress, increase blood glucose levels, and decreases inflammation.

Estrogen; progesterone

Produced by the ovaries; stimulates development of female sex characteristics and help regulate menstrual cycle.

Glucagon

Produced by the pancreas alpha islet; increases blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to break down glycogen into glucose.

Insulin

Produced by the pancreas beta islet; decreases blood glucose levels by transporting glucose into body cells.

Melatonin

Produced by the pineal gland; helps to set the biological clock.

Testosterone

Produced by the testes; regulates sperm development, stimulates development of male characteristics, and stimulates male sex drive.

Thymosin

Produced by the thymus; promotes the maturation of T cells for immune response.

LH Luteinizing hormone

produced by the anterior pituitary; triggers ovulation and stimulates secretion of estrogen and progesterone / testosterone.