chem note 1 and 2

Matter

Anything that has mass and/or volume

Mass

A measurement of the amount of matter in a object

Volume

How big or how much space and object takes up. L or mL, cm3 or m3

Sublimation

Solid to gas

Deposition

Gas to solid

4 parts of particle theory

All matter is composed of particles

All particles have space between them

Particles are always in motion

Particles in a substance attract each other

What creates weaker bonds

Movement creates weaker bonds, head means Movement

2 types of matter

Pure substance, mixtures

Pure substances

Only made up of one kind of matter, has properties like colour, hardness, boiling and melting point

2 parts of pure substances

Elements, compound

Elements

Made from a single elements, can not be broken down, located on the periodic table

Compound

Made from atleast 2 or more elements, can be broken down, not on table

Mixtures

Combinations of different pure substances. They dont mix chemically meaning they still have their properties

3 types of mixtures

Mechanical mixture (heterogeneous), Solution (homogenous), Suspension

Mechanical (heterogeneous)

Different substances can be seen

Solution (homogenous)

Different substances in the mixture the can’t be seen (aj)

Suspension

A cloudy mixture where tiny particles are held in another (oj

Physical properties

Describes a substances

List of what physical properties measure/observe

Color, lustre, conductivity, density, Hardness(resistance to scratching), malleobillity or brittle, viscosity or ductility (can be pulled without breaking like in wires)

Physical Change

When a substances changes state, doesn’t change the substance.

What does physical change change

Shape, state, appearance, or mixing, usually can be reversed

Chemical properties

Describes the ability to change into new substances

How chemical properties interact

Acid, heat, light, water, combustiblility

Chemical change

Results in a new substance

Evidence of chemical change

Change of color, odor, temperature, production of light, gas, of precipate, can be reversed

Subatomic particles

Electrons, protons and neutrons

4 parts of the atomic theory

All matter is made of atoms

All matter of an element are identical in properties

Atoms of different elements have different properties

Atoms of different elements can combine in specific ways to form new substances

What are atoms

Atoms are the building block of matter, they can’t be broken down and are the smallest things.

Protons

Mass: 1

Electric charge: 1+

Location: nucleus

Neutrons

Mass: 1

Electric charge: 0

Location: nucleus

Electrons

Mass: 0

Electric charge: 1-

Location: orbits nucleus

Three classifactons of elements

Metals, Non-metals, metalloids

Metal properties

Shiny, silver/grey, conducts well, malleable and ductile

Alloy

When you mix 2 or more metals together

Non metals properties

Opposite of metals, only 17 are. Can be liquid solid or gas at room temp. Dull, dont conduct well, brittle

Metalloids properties

Have both metals and non metals properties. ex. Silicon, Boron, antimony

Density

The measure of how much mass is within a given volume.

Units are g/ml or g/m³