ephe midterm 1

Cells

Basic building blocks of all living things

Membrane

Lipid bilayer surrounding cell/organelle

Genetic Material

e.g., DNA

Cytosolic fluid

Fluid inside the cell

Tissues

Similar cells functioning together

Connective Tissue

Type of tissue that provides support and connects different tissues

Muscle Tissue

Type of tissue responsible for movement

Epithelial Tissue

Type of tissue that covers body surfaces and lines organs

Nervous Tissue

Type of tissue responsible for transmitting electrical signals

Organ

2 or more tissues that perform a specialized function

System

Group of organs functioning cooperatively

Plasma Membrane

Membrane surrounding the cell

Mitochondria

Organelle responsible for energy production

Nucleus

Organelle containing genetic material

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Organelle involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism

Ribosomes

Non-membranous organelles involved in protein synthesis

Golgi Apparatus

Organelle involved in protein modification and packaging

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue composed of epithelial cells

Epithelial Cells

Cells that form a covering or lining

Epithelial tissue

Sheets of epithelial cells

Simple

Type of epithelial tissue with one layer of cells

Stratified

Type of epithelial tissue with multiple layers of cells

Simple Squamous

Type of simple epithelial tissue with flat cells

Simple Cuboidal

Type of simple epithelial tissue with cube-shaped cells

Simple Columnar

Type of simple epithelial tissue with column-shaped cells

Stratified Squamous

Type of stratified epithelial tissue with flat cells

Transitional

Type of stratified epithelial tissue that permits expansion and recoil

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Type of epithelial tissue with column-shaped cells that appear stratified

Protection

Function of stratified squamous cells

Secretion

Function of epithelial tissue

Absorption

Function of epithelial tissue

Excretion/Filtration

Function of epithelial tissue

Diffusion

Function of simple squamous cells

Sensation

Function of epithelial tissue

Transport

Function of epithelial tissue

Cellularity

Characteristic of epithelial tissue with highly packed cells

Polarity

Characteristic of epithelial tissue with apical and basal surfaces

Attachment

Characteristic of epithelial tissue with hemidesmosomes attaching cells to basement membrane

Avascular

Characteristic of epithelial tissue without blood cells

Regenerative

Characteristic of epithelial tissue with quick cell proliferation

Glandular Tissue

Organized collection of secretory epithelial cells

Endocrine Gland

Gland that releases hormones directly into capillaries

Exocrine Gland

Gland that releases secretion onto epithelial surface through ducts

Unicellular

Type of glandular epithelium with single secretory cells

Multicellular

Type of glandular epithelium formed by invagination of epithelium sheet

Serous Gland

Gland that produces watery solutions mixed with enzymes

Mucous Gland

Gland that secretes glycoproteins called mucins

Mixed Endocrine Gland

Gland that secretes both serous and mucous secretions

Merocrine

Method of secretion where product is secreted by exocytosis

Apocrine

Method of secretion where product is secreted by shedding of apical portion of cell's cytoplasm

Holocrine

Method of secretion where cell bursts and releases secretion

General functions and structural elements of connective tissue

CT Proper

Subtype of connective tissue responsible for structural support and protection

Fibrocytes

Specialized cells in CT Proper that support and maintain the tissue

Fibroblasts

Specialized cells in CT Proper that produce and remodel connective tissue fibers

Adipocytes

Specialized cells in CT Proper that store energy in the form of fat

Immune Cells

Specialized cells in CT Proper