Human Genome Project Overview

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the Human Genome Project lecture notes.

Human Genome Project

An international scientific research project aiming to sequence and map all of the genes of the human species.

Genes

Units of heredity made up of DNA, found on chromosomes that determine specific traits.

Genome

The complete set of genetic material in an organism.

Bioinformatics

The application of computer technology to the management of biological information, especially in genetics.

Molecular Medicine

A branch of medicine that uses molecular biology techniques to develop drugs and therapies.

SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)

A variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome.

Linkage Analysis

A method used to identify the location of genes on chromosomes and to evaluate the inheritance of traits in families.

Recombination

The process by which genetic material is physically mixed during the formation of gametes.

Ethical implications

Considerations about the moral issues that arise from biotechnological practices and research.

Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS)

Research studies that search for associations between genetic variations and observable traits.

Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer (HNPCC)

A genetic condition associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer linked to mutations in specific genes.

Haplotype

A group of genes or DNA sequences that are inherited together from a single parent.

Microsatellites

Repeating sequences of DNA that are useful for genetic mapping and understanding inheritance.

Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI)

Concerns that stem from genome research, particularly regarding privacy, discrimination, and informed consent.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

A hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age, linked to genetic factors affecting ovulation.

Genome Mapping

The process of creating a map of the locations of genes within the genome.

Restriction Mapping

A technique for mapping an unknown segment of DNA by analyzing the lengths of fragments produced by restriction enzymes.

DNA Identification

Forensics method using DNA profiles to identify individuals or biological relationships.