Chemical Reactions in Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity

Flashcards from the lecture notes covering key concepts related to chemical reactions, including types of reactions, definitions, and principles.

Chemical Equation

A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction, showing the relationship between reactants and products.

Balanced Chemical Equation

An equation where the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides, adhering to the law of conservation of matter.

Reactants

The substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction.

Products

The newly formed substances produced as a result of a chemical reaction.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the conservation of mass.

Stoichiometric Coefficients

Numbers placed before compounds in a balanced equation that indicate the ratio of moles of each substance.

Law of Conservation of Matter

The principle stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Equilibrium

A state in a reversible reaction where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

Electrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electricity.

Precipitation Reaction

A reaction that occurs in aqueous solution where an insoluble solid forms.

Net Ionic Equation

An equation that shows only the particles that participate in a reaction, omitting spectator ions.

Acid-Base Reaction

A reaction characterized by the transfer of protons (H+ ions) between reactants.

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction (Redox)

A type of reaction in which electrons are transferred between two species, changing their oxidation states.

Oxidizing Agent

A substance that gains electrons and is reduced in a chemical reaction.

Reducing Agent

A substance that loses electrons and is oxidized in a chemical reaction.

Combustion Reaction

A reaction that involves oxygen and produces heat and light, typically resulting in CO2 and H2O.

Decomposition Reaction

A reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products.

Combination Reaction

A reaction where two or more substances combine to form one product.

Strong Acid

An acid that completely dissociates in solution.

Weak Acid

An acid that partially dissociates in solution.

Amphiprotic Substances

Substances that can function as either an acid or a base depending on the reaction.